Labor Long Clinical Trial
Official title:
Mouth Guard Use in the Second Stage of Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT number | NCT03520530 |
Other study ID # | 37133 |
Secondary ID | |
Status | Completed |
Phase | N/A |
First received | |
Last updated | |
Start date | May 9, 2018 |
Est. completion date | December 1, 2019 |
Verified date | July 2020 |
Source | Christiana Care Health Services |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
Shortening the second stage of labor, the time spent pushing the baby out, is important for
positive mother and infant's outcomes. Lack of progress of labor for any reason is the most
common reason for cesarean section in women having their first baby and the second most
common reason for cesarean section in women who have already had a baby. In 2014, a large
study done across the United States showed increases in complications in both mother and
infant when pushing was prolonged, including uterine infection, postpartum hemorrhage, more
extensive vaginal tearing, shoulder dystocia, 5 minute Apgar score less than 4, infant
admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and neonatal infections. Therefore, the challenge
is to consider alternative practices in order to maximize a mother's chance of a vaginal
delivery and minimize these associated risks to both mother and baby.
Mouth guards are used primarily in contact sports, and have been demonstrated to reduce or
prevent injury to the teeth. Additionally, it has been proposed that wearing a mouth guard
increases the strength of different muscle groups. A recent randomized controlled pilot study
including women with their first pregnancy using a dental support device (DSD) during the
second stage of labor evaluated the length of the second stage and outcomes. They found a
significant decrease of 38% in the length of pushing time in the group that used a DSD.
Additionally, there was a decreased rate of cesarean section in this group, however a p-value
was not reported. This study only included 64 patients. A second, larger trial did not find a
significant difference in pushing time, however the rate of interventions such as a vacuum or
forceps-assisted vaginal delivery and cesarean section were much higher in the control group
due to prolonged pushing. The results of the second study are contradictory in nature, yet
the researchers do not provide hypotheses into why this may be.
It is clear from the previously mentioned studies that further research is needed. Our
hypothesis is that using such a device would help women to push more effectively during the
second stage of labor thus shortening the time needed to push the baby out and increasing the
rate of vaginal delivery. The purpose of this study is to determine whether wearing a mouth
guard in the second stage of labor affects the length of the second stage of labor and
improves mother & infant outcomes.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 154 |
Est. completion date | December 1, 2019 |
Est. primary completion date | December 1, 2019 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | Female |
Age group | 18 Years to 55 Years |
Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria: - Nulliparous women - Age 18-55 - Presenting for delivery at Christiana Care Health Services - Singleton pregnancy - Cephalic pregnancy - Term pregnancy Exclusion Criteria: - Multiple gestation - Known uterine anomalies, excluding resected uterine septums and fibroids - Estimated fetal weight less than 10th% for gestation age with abnormal umbilical dopplers - Estimated fetal weight less than the 5th percentile - History of cardiac disease requiring assisted second stage of labor - Oral implants, braces or active dental infection precluding mouth guard use - Preeclampsia with severe features treated with magnesium sulfate - History of shoulder dystocia - History of myomectomy - Maternal history of myasthenia gravis - Maternal history of sleep apnea with home CPAP use - Category III fetal heart tracing - Active vaginal bleeding consistent with placental abruption - Diagnosis of chorioamnionitis prior to start of second stage of labor - Participation in another interventional research study |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | Christiana Care Health System | Newark | Delaware |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Christiana Care Health Services |
United States,
Arent, S., McKenna, J. and Golem, D. (2010). Effects of a neuromuscular dentistry-designed mouthguard on muscular endurance and anaerobic power. Comparative Exercise Physiology, 7(02), pp.73-79.
Aviram A, Ashwal E, Hiersch L, Hadar E, Wiznitzer A, Yogev Y. The effect of intrapartum dental support use among nulliparous during the second stage of labor - a randomized controlled study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Mar;29(6):868-71. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1024648. Epub 2015 Mar 19. — View Citation
Farrington T, Onambele-Pearson G, Taylor RL, Earl P, Winwood K. A review of facial protective equipment use in sport and the impact on injury incidence. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Apr;50(3):233-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.11.020. Epub 2011 Feb 3. Review. — View Citation
Gabbe, Steven G., Jennifer R. Niebyl, Joe Leigh Simpson, and Garland D. Anderson. 1991. Obstetrics: normal and problem pregnancies. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
Laughon SK, Berghella V, Reddy UM, Sundaram R, Lu Z, Hoffman MK. Neonatal and maternal outcomes with prolonged second stage of labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jul;124(1):57-67. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000278. Erratum in: Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Oct;124(4):842. — View Citation
Matsuo K, Mudd JV, Kopelman JN, Atlas RO. Duration of the second stage of labor while wearing a dental support device: a pilot study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2009 Aug;35(4):672-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.01010.x. — View Citation
Vidovic-Stesevic V, Verna C, Krastl G, Kuhl S, Filippi A. Facial and Dental Injuries Facial and Dental Injuries in Karate. Swiss Dent J. 2015;125(7-8):810-4. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Time of Second Stage of Labor | Time in minutes | Time from full cervical dilation (10cm) to delivery of the fetal head, approximately 2 hours | |
Secondary | Mode of Delivery | Spontaneous vaginal delivery, assisted vaginal delivery, cesarean section | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week | |
Secondary | Instrumental Delivery | Type of instrument used in assisting delivery | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week | |
Secondary | Patient Satisfaction | Patient satisfaction with device as measured by survey | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week | |
Secondary | Perineal Laceration | Degree of perineal laceration with vaginal delivery | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week | |
Secondary | Apgar Score | Apgar scores of infants at 1, 5, and 10 minutes | From 0 to 10 minutes after delivery | |
Secondary | Percentage of Time Spent Using Device | Provider will estimate percentage of second stage that patient used device | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week | |
Secondary | Neonatal ICU Admission Rate | Number of infants admitted to the NICU | From time of randomization until delivery, up to one week |
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