Injury Prevention Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Randomized Field Trial of Smartphone-based Feedback Designed to Encourage Safe Driving: Comparing Focused and Self-chosen Goals to Standard UBI Messaging
The study team are proposing to conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of focused feedback vs standard feedback and self-chosen vs assigned goals on driving behaviors targeted by behavior-based insurance apps: hard braking, fast acceleration, handheld phone use, and speeding. The interventions arms will receive feedback on their driving behaviors, tips for safe driving, and a UBI-like financial incentive. The Penn research team will use Meta advertisements to recruit for the study and determine eligibility via an online survey. Those who enroll will undergo a 6-week run-in period during which their driving trips will be monitored by a mobile app. Individuals with a sufficient number of trips during this period will be randomly assigned to one of four arms for the intervention period. Target enrollment is 1,300 participants (325 per trial arm). The power analysis assumed an attrition rate of 20% over the course of the study.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 1300 |
Est. completion date | August 10, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | June 29, 2024 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - 18 years of age or older - Has an Apple or Android smartphone (iPhone iOS 12 or later or Android OS 7 or later) - Drives at least 2 days per week - English reading ability - Passes an attention check - Provides valid email address, cell number, name, address, and date of birth Exclusion Criteria: - |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
University of Pennsylvania | AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety |
United States,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Other | Handheld phone use per hour of driving | This is a composite outcome that measures the proportion of total trip time in which the driver is engaged in handheld phone call use or non-call handheld use (e.g. texting, swiping, and typing), as measured by the Way to Drive app. Several studies (e.g. Klauer, NEJM, 2014) have demonstrated the association between handheld phone use (e.g., reaching for phone, typing, swiping, dialing) and increased crash risk. This outcome is also known as the active phone use percentage. Passive phone use (e.g. phone is streaming GPS navigation directions or music without any typing, swiping, or holding of the phone) is not included in this outcome. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Other | Overall riskiness metric | This is a composite measure of the underlying driving metrics for the four behaviors of interest. For each behavior a z-score will be computed for each participant and take the mean of these four z-scores to get their overall riskiness. This will be done for both the intervention period and the post-intervention period. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Other | Disabled SMS messaging | If a participant texts "stop" or "bye" to stop receiving our intervention text messages, this could indicate unacceptability of push notification interventions. This will be measured as a binary score, where participants that text "stop" or "bye" will be marked as 1, and those that do not will be marked as 0. | 18 weeks of the study (6 - week baseline; 12- week intervention period) | |
Other | Unenrolled | If a participant asks to be unenrolled, this is an even stronger indicator of unacceptability. This will be measured as a binary score, where 1 means the participant was unenrolled before the end of the intervention period, and 0 means they were not. | 18 weeks of the study (6 - week baseline; 12- week intervention period) | |
Other | Net Promoter Score (NPS) | This will be derived for each arm based on a 1-item question on a scale of 0 -10, 0 bring not at all likely to recommend the program, and 10 being extremely likely. | At 24 weeks. | |
Other | 4-item acceptability scale | This will be a 4-item acceptability scale administered in the exit survey. For each participant the mean of the 4 items will be calculated for an overall acceptability score ranging from 1-5 (5 is the best). | At 24 weeks. | |
Other | Intervention helpfulness. | Intervention arm participants will be asked to rate the helpfulness of each of the 4 intervention components (SMS feedback, weekly dashboard, SMS tips, $100 incentive), each on a scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely), with an option to indicate they did not see or were not aware of the intervention component. | At 24 weeks. | |
Other | Hard braking events per 100 miles of driving | Number of hard braking evens per 100 miles of driving | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Other | Minutes of speeding per hour of driving. | Based on duration of speeding events detected by the app. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Other | Fast acceleration events per 100 miles of driving. | Number of fast acceleration events per 100 miles of driving. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Primary | Overall Driving Score | This is the mean of the four behavior scores for the intervention period (and, in a follow-up analysis of effect sustainability, the post-intervention period). Scores can range from 0 -100, 100 being the safest driving score. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Secondary | Distraction score | A proprietary CMT score based on participant phone use-especially handheld phone use-while driving on a scale of 0-100, 100 being no phone use while driving (safest). | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Secondary | Speeding score | A proprietary CMT score based on the amount of time the participant drove over the speed limit on a scale from 0 -100, 100 being no incidences of driving over the speed limit. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Secondary | Braking score | A proprietary CMT score based on the frequency of a participant's hard brakes on a scale of 0-100, 100 meaning no hard brakes. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. | |
Secondary | Acceleration Score | A proprietary CMT score based on the frequency of a participant's fast accelerations on a scale of 0-100. 100, being no fast accelerations. | 12 weeks of the intervention period + separate analysis of 6 week post intervention. |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
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