Valsalva Manoeuvre and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Attenuating Pain During Propofol Injection in Upper GIT Endoscopy

Injection Site Irritation Clinical Trial

— Valsalva  

Official title:

Comparison of Valsalva Manoeuvre and Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Attenuating Pain During Propofol Injection in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05225610
• Other study ID #: IRC13412/02/9
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 19, 2022
• Est. completion date: September 10, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: October 2022
• Source: Tanta University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

No previous study has cited the use of the Valsalva manoeuvre for the reduction of pain on propofol injection in comparison with dexmedetomidine injection. Therefore, investigators plan a study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the Valsalva manoeuvre in alleviating pain during propofol injection as compared to dexmedetomidine injection.

Description:

Propofol is a commonly used anaesthetic for inducing general anaesthesia. Pain on propofol injection is distressing and is one of the limitations of its use. Propofol is a phenol compound, which irritates nerve endings on the venous endothelium to produce immediate pain, whereas delayed pain is mediated by the release of bradykinin. Bradykinin causes vasodilation and increases venous permeability, thereby facilitating contact of the aqueous phase of propofol with nerve endings. Delayed pain occurs 10-20 seconds after injection. Various methods have been tried so far to reduce pain on propofol injection. A commonly used technique is lignocaine either as pre-treatment or mixed with propofol. Other methods include the use of butorphanol, ondansetron, metoclopramide, opioid, or thiopentone. Propofol injection into a large vein, pre-injection cooling, or warming of propofol have also been investigated. The Valsalva manoeuvre is a physiological technique, used in the reduction of pain associated with several procedures. The Valsalva manoeuvre alleviates both the somatic and psychological aspects of painful procedures. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist that has analgesic and sedative properties, it has been evaluated for reducing the incidence and intensity of propofol-induced pain, but reported results are inconsistent. in this study, investigators will study the effect of Valsalva manoeuvre as compared with dexmedetomidine injection in reducing the pain associated with propofol injection in upper gastrointestinal endoscopies.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 120
• Est. completion date: September 10, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: April 15, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 30 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult patients aged 30-60 years old.

2. American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status(ASA) Grade I and II.

3. Upper gastrointestinal Endoscopies.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with mental illness, restlessness.

2. Cardio-respiratory disease.

3. Chronic pain disorder.

4. Use of preoperative analgesic medication.

5. History of propofol allergy.

6. History of drug abuse.

7. Inability to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre. -

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Injection Site Irritation

Intervention

Other:
• Valsalva Manoeuvre
Blowing into rubber tubing connected to a sphygmomanometer and raising the mercury column to 30 mmHg for at least 20 seconds

Drug:
• Dexmedetomidine Injection [Precedex]
The study drugs will be kept at room temperature, preservative-free and will be prepared by an independent anaesthetist into 5 ml of total volume with the addition of 0.9 % normal saline. Tourniquet will be left inflated for 1 minute. Dexmedetomidine mixture and saline will be injected over 5 seconds. After the injection of the drugs, the tourniquet will be released
• normal Saline
5 ml saline will be administered.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Saudi Arabia	Sharurah Armed Forces Hospital	Sharurah	Najran

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Tanta University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Saudi Arabia, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Pain Assessment	using a ruler as the visual analogue scale(VAS), The VAS score ranged from 0-10, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst imaginable pain. Patients will be instructed to mark a point on the VAS ruler that represented the intensity of pain. The pain score was determined by measuring the distance in mm between 0 (no pain) and the mark will be indicated by the patient on the ruler.	20 seconds after propofol injection.
Secondary	Withdrawal response score	withdrawal response will be assessed using standard questions including comfort during injection, verbal response, and behavioural signs (facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, or tears). the withdrawal response scoring will be graded on a 4-point scale: 0 = no pain, 1 = mild pain (pain reported only in response to questioning without any behavioural signs), 2 = moderate pain (pain reported in response to questioning and accompanied by behavioural signs or pain reported spontaneously without questioning), and 3 = severe pain (strong vocal response or response accompanied by facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, or tears).	20 seconds after propofol injection
Secondary	Heart Rate(HR) beat / minute	the heart rate (HR) will be recorded before the Valsalva manoeuvre, at 1 minute, at 2 minutes after the manoeuvre, following propofol injection, and 5 minutes later on	10 minutes
Secondary	Propofol injection site reaction	the propofol injection site will be checked for signs of inflammation including oedema, pain, wheal, and flare	24 hour
Secondary	Non-invasive blood pressure(NIBP) mmHg	Non-invasive blood pressure(NIBP) will be recorded before the Valsalva manoeuvre, at 1 minute, 2 minutes after the manoeuvre, following propofol injection, and 5 minutes later on.	10 minutes.