| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
Healthy subjects
- Age 18-85 years inclusive at the time of consent. The elderly treatment group will be
defined by an age over 65 years. It is required that at least 4 of the subjects in the
elderly group will be over 75 years old.
- All subjects will be "healthy"
- Normal renal function (in 18-65 year-old subjects), defined as an estimated glomerular
filtration rate (eGFR) from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study of
>90 mL/min/ 1.73 m2 at the Screening Visit.
- The stability of renal function will be confirmed by 2 determinations of serum
creatinine separated by at least 7 days
Subjects with renal impairment
- Age 18-85 years inclusive at the time of consent.
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate from the MDRD Study is to be estimated at the
Screening Visit and should be as described in FDA guidance.
- Subjects must have no clinically significant abnormalities (except for abnormalities
explained by the renal impairment disorder).
All subjects
- Willingness to comply with any applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol
and is:
- Male, or
- Non pregnant, non lactating female
- Females must be at least 90 days post partum or nulliparous.
- An understanding, ability, and willingness to fully comply with study procedures and
restrictions.
- Ability to provide written, personally signed, and dated informed consent to
participate in the study, in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation
(ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guideline E6 (1996) and applicable regulations,
before completing any study related procedures. The date of signing informed consent
is defined as the beginning of the Screening Period
- Body mass index between 18.5-40.0 kg/m² inclusive. This inclusion criterion will only
be assessed at the Screening Visit.
- Hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL or greater at the Screening Visit and Day -2.
- No clinically significant deviations from the reference ranges for clinical laboratory
tests as evaluated by the investigator. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value must
be <189 mg/dL and triglycerides value must be <499 mg/dL at the Screening Visit.
- Ability to swallow a dose of investigational product.
Exclusion Criteria:
Healthy subjects
- Subject has a clinically significant history or a disorder detected during the medical
interview/physical examination
- Current or relevant previous history of serious, severe or unstable (acute or
progressive) physical or psychiatric illness, any medical disorder that may require
treatment or make the subject unlikely to fully complete the study, or any condition
that presents undue risk from the investigational product or procedures.
- History of diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome (defined as plasma albumin <30 g/dL
and/or proteinuria >3 g/day), or other metabolic endocrine disease known to be
associated with alterations in plasma lipid levels. Uncontrolled hypothyroidism is
defined as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 1.5 times greater than the upper limit of
normal (ULN).
Subjects with renal impairment
- Current or recurrent disease, other than impaired renal function that could affect,
the action, absorption or disposition of the investigational product, or clinical or
laboratory assessments.
- Concurrent chronic or acute illness or unstable medical condition (other than those
associated with their renal disease) that may deteriorate and thus confound the
results of safety assessments, increase risk to the subject or lead to difficulty
complying with the protocol.
- A potassium concentration >6.2 mmol/L at the Screening Visit.
- Subjects with a renal transplant.
- History of nephrotic syndrome (defined as plasma albumin <30 g/dL and/or proteinuria
>3 g/day), or other metabolic endocrine disease known to be associated with
alterations in plasma lipid levels (uncontrolled hypothyroidism defined as TSH 1.5
times greater than the upper reference range value).
- Subjects on peritoneal dialysis.
- Uncontrolled systolic or diastolic blood pressure as defined by the investigator.
- Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) more than 2 fold above ULN at the Screening Visit or on
Day -2.
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as determined by the investigator.
- Congestive Heart Failure classified New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV.
- Any major illness that would in the opinion of the investigator put study subject at
risk or interfere with study conduct.
All subjects
- Acute illness, as judged by the investigator, within 2 weeks of the first dose of
investigational product.
- Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the investigational products,
closely related compounds, or any of the stated ingredients.
- Subject has a history of thyroid disorder that has not been stabilized on thyroid
medication or treatment within 3 months of the Screening Visit.
- History of alcohol or other substance abuse within the last year.
- A positive screen for alcohol or drugs of abuse at the Screening Visit or on Day -2.
- Male subjects who consume more than 3 units of alcohol per day. Female subjects who
consume more than 2 units of alcohol per day. One alcohol unit=1 beer (12 oz/355 mL) =
1 wine (5 oz/150 mL) = 1 liquor (1.5 oz/40 mL)
- A positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody screen, Hepatitis B surface
antigen (HBsAg), or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody screen.
- Current use of any other medication (including over-the-counter, herbal or homeopathic
preparations) that could affect (improve or worsen) the condition being studied, or
could affect the action, absorption, or disposition of the investigational product(s),
or clinical or laboratory assessment. (Current use is defined as use within 14 days of
dosing). Subjects must be on a stable dose of allowed medications for 14 days prior to
dosing.
- Use of tobacco in any form (eg, smoking or chewing) or other nicotine-containing
products in any form (eg, gum, patch) within 30 days prior to the first dose of
investigational product.
- Routine consumption of more than 2 units of caffeine per day or subjects who
experience caffeine withdrawal headaches or have a history of caffeine withdrawal
headaches. (One caffeine unit is contained in the following items: one 6oz/180mL cup
of coffee, two 12 oz/355 mL cans of cola, one 12 oz/355 mL cup of tea, three 1oz/28g
chocolate bars. Decaffeinated coffee, tea, or cola are not considered to contain
caffeine).
- Donation of blood or blood products (eg, plasma or platelets) within 60 days prior to
the first dose of investigational product.
- Use of another investigational product within 30 days prior to receiving the first
dose of investigational product or active enrollment in another drug or vaccine
clinical study.
- Substantial changes in eating habits within 30 days prior to receiving the first dose
of investigational product, as assessed by the investigator.
- An inability to follow a standardized diet and meal schedule or inability to fast, as
required during the study.
- Prior screen failure, randomization, participation, or enrollment in this study.
- Any known hypersensitivity to iohexol or to iodine per se.
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