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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT02554630
Other study ID # IRB201500447 -N
Secondary ID R01GM097531
Status Completed
Phase
First received
Last updated
Start date February 2016
Est. completion date October 21, 2022

Study information

Verified date February 2023
Source University of Florida
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Mortality related to neonatal sepsis exceeds 1 million deaths worldwide; the highest risk of mortality is in preterm neonates, especially low birth weight (LBW), and very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. The estimated cost of caring for these patients is approximately $700 million in the US alone. In an effort to help mature the neonatal immune system, several adjuvant therapies have been studied; however, none have been implemented in clinical practice. One of the most frequently considered targets for adjuvant therapy is toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs detect conserved molecular products of microorganisms (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and initiate immunity and inflammation. Early adjuvant administration in VLBW infants may be a viable approach to reducing the incidence of early and late sepsis. This research study will characterize immune genomic expression and functional capacity at the time of birth in both term and preterm neonates and determine what effects, if any, that adjuvants have on this function. Additionally, this study will seek to determine if immune function correlates with certain microbiota.


Description:

Blood samples will be collected from three populations: preterm infants, term infants and healthy adult controls. In addition, a collection of meconium (<1mL) from the diaper of these term and preterm neonates; 1. Term neonates (gestational age 37-42 weeks) between birth and 72 hours of life who have blood collected for the following clinical indications: a. Blood will be collected at 0-72 hours of life from neonates that are undergoing state metabolic screens or for clinical evaluation jaundice. The sample will be obtained during the standard of care state metabolic screen or for clinical evaluation of jaundice. The neonate will only have an extra drop of blood placed (500-700 micro-liters) in a tube during the heel sticks. Neonates will only have 1 sample drawn throughout the duration of the study. 2. Preterm neonates (gestational age 24-37 weeks) consisting of two populations between birth and 72 hours of life who have blood collected for the following clinical indications: 1. Blood will be collected at 0-72 hours of life from neonates that are otherwise healthy and do not require additional laboratory testing who are undergoing state metabolic screens or for evaluation of jaundice. The neonate will only have an extra drop of blood placed (500-700 microliters) in a tube during the heel stick. Neonates will only have 1 sample drawn throughout the duration of the study. 2. A second group of premature neonates will have blood drawn for complications related to prematurity (sepsis work-up). The neonate will only have an extra drop of blood placed (500-700 micro-liters) in a tube during one of these clinical blood draws. 3. Healthy adult controls will have (4milleters) blood collected by way of vein puncture. For all infants, term and preterm, the following data will be collected at the time of blood collection: gender, gestational age, weight, mechanism of birth (vaginal vs cesarean section), evidence of infectious complication (chorioamnionitis, prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal group B strep colonization, hypoglycemia), use of perinatal antibiotics or steroids, laboratory values available in the electronic medial record (CBC, CMP, Lactic acid, CRP) and Apgar scores will be collected from each patient. Additionally the clinical outcomes of these patients, term and preterm,will be collected until time of discharge but not to exceed 90 days.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 142
Est. completion date October 21, 2022
Est. primary completion date October 21, 2022
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender All
Age group N/A to 55 Years
Eligibility Preterm and Term neonates 0-72 hours old Inclusion Criteria: - Consent to participate in the study Exclusion Criteria: - non- survivable condition Healthy Adult Controls Inclusion Criteria: - Consent to participate in the study - Age >18 years old, <55 years old Exclusion Criteria: - Age <18 years old, >55 years old - Severe pre-existing organ dysfunction - Oncolytic therapy within 14 days - HIV positive status - Current use of chronic steroids

Study Design


Intervention

Other:
Adjuvant
Blood will be incubated, ex-vivo, with one of the adjuvant therapies or no adjuvant and then, using microfluidic techniques the immune genomic profile and the functional capacity of immune cells will be assessed.
Blood Collection
Blood collection will be performed on all groups.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States UF Health Gainesville Florida

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
University of Florida National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), Surgical Infection Society

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (12)

Cuenca AG, Cuenca AL, Gentile LF, Efron PA, Islam S, Moldawer LL, Kays DW, Larson SD. Delayed emergency myelopoiesis following polymicrobial sepsis in neonates. Innate Immun. 2015 May;21(4):386-91. doi: 10.1177/1753425914542445. Epub 2014 Aug 7. — View Citation

Cuenca AG, Wynn JL, Moldawer LL, Levy O. Role of innate immunity in neonatal infection. Am J Perinatol. 2013 Feb;30(2):105-12. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1333412. Epub 2013 Jan 7. — View Citation

Gentile LF, Nacionales DC, Lopez MC, Vanzant E, Cuenca A, Cuenca AG, Ungaro R, Szpila BE, Larson S, Joseph A, Moore FA, Leeuwenburgh C, Baker HV, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Protective immunity and defects in the neonatal and elderly immune response to sepsis. J Immunol. 2014 Apr 1;192(7):3156-65. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301726. Epub 2014 Mar 3. — View Citation

Gessler P, Nebe T, Birle A, Haas N, Kachel W. Neutrophil respiratory burst in term and preterm neonates without signs of infection and in those with increased levels of C-reactive protein. Pediatr Res. 1996 May;39(5):843-8. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199605000-00017. — View Citation

Kollmann TR, Crabtree J, Rein-Weston A, Blimkie D, Thommai F, Wang XY, Lavoie PM, Furlong J, Fortuno ES 3rd, Hajjar AM, Hawkins NR, Self SG, Wilson CB. Neonatal innate TLR-mediated responses are distinct from those of adults. J Immunol. 2009 Dec 1;183(11):7150-60. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901481. Epub 2009 Nov 16. — View Citation

Lawn JE, Kerber K, Enweronu-Laryea C, Cousens S. 3.6 million neonatal deaths--what is progressing and what is not? Semin Perinatol. 2010 Dec;34(6):371-86. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2010.09.011. — View Citation

PrabhuDas M, Adkins B, Gans H, King C, Levy O, Ramilo O, Siegrist CA. Challenges in infant immunity: implications for responses to infection and vaccines. Nat Immunol. 2011 Mar;12(3):189-94. doi: 10.1038/ni0311-189. No abstract available. — View Citation

Sweeney SE, Firestein GS. Primer: signal transduction in rheumatic disease--a clinician's guide. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Nov;3(11):651-60. doi: 10.1038/ncprheum0631. — View Citation

Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G, Lidicker J, Angus DC. The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Mar 1;167(5):695-701. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200207-682OC. Epub 2002 Nov 14. — View Citation

Wynn JL, Levy O. Role of innate host defenses in susceptibility to early-onset neonatal sepsis. Clin Perinatol. 2010 Jun;37(2):307-37. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.04.001. — View Citation

Wynn JL, Scumpia PO, Winfield RD, Delano MJ, Kelly-Scumpia K, Barker T, Ungaro R, Levy O, Moldawer LL. Defective innate immunity predisposes murine neonates to poor sepsis outcome but is reversed by TLR agonists. Blood. 2008 Sep 1;112(5):1750-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-130500. Epub 2008 Jun 30. — View Citation

Yost CC, Cody MJ, Harris ES, Thornton NL, McInturff AM, Martinez ML, Chandler NB, Rodesch CK, Albertine KH, Petti CA, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: a novel innate immune deficiency of human neonates. Blood. 2009 Jun 18;113(25):6419-27. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-07-171629. Epub 2009 Feb 12. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Genomic analysis The genomic profile will be interpreted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to make functional predictions. Additionally, a cytokine analysis, and an evaluation for the prevalence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that have been shown to correlate with poorer outcomes in adult sepsis studies will be performed. Day 1
Primary Functional immunologic analysis Functional capacity will be confirmed directly by observing chemotaxis and quantifying generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), rate of phagocytosis, and bacterial killing ability. Additionally, a cytokine analysis, and an evaluation for the prevalence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that have been shown to correlate with poorer outcomes in adult sepsis studies will be performed. Day 1
Secondary Immune Function Correlation with Clinical Outcomes The clinical course of these neonates will be followed for incidence of infectious complications including sepsis as evident by culture results. Therefore, allowing the investigators to determine if immunologic deficits present at birth correlate with clinical outcomes. 90 days
Secondary Ex-vivo Adjuvant Therapies On Immune Function The implementation of adjuvants in both murine and human models has shown improved function of immune effector cells as well as in clinical outcomes. Adjuvant treatment of mice with TLR agonists stimulates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) recruitment and function, decreases rates of bacteremia, and increases survival to polymicrobial and gram negative sepsis. Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at birth reduces mortality by 40% in LBW infants to sepsis (not tuberculosis) in sub-Saharan Africa. Utilizing an ex-vivo design we will evaluate the changes in immune cell functional capacity. Day 1
Secondary Ex-vivo Adjuvant Therapies Effect On Immune Cell Genomic Expression The implementation of adjuvants in both murine and human models has shown improved function of immune effector cells as well as in clinical outcomes. Adjuvant treatment of mice with TLR agonists stimulates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) recruitment and function, decreases rates of bacteremia, and increases survival to polymicrobial and gram negative sepsis. Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at birth reduces mortality by 40% in LBW infants to sepsis (not tuberculosis) in sub-Saharan Africa. Utilizing an ex-vivo design we will evaluate the changes in immune cell genomic expression. Day 1
Secondary Microbiome Influences Immune Cell Function Correlated immune deficiencies with differences in the microbiome at the time of birth will be documented by using microbiomic differences present at the time of birth in term vs preterm neonates using Illumina 16s rRNA technology. This system uses highly conserved sequences among bacteria to identify and classify bacterium. The software then provides taxonomic classification to find a microbiomic signature that is specific to immune dysfunction. Day 1
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