Analysis of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Outcomes in Individuals With and Without Immune Deficiencies and Dysregulations

Immunodeficiencies Clinical Trial

Official title: Analysis of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Outcomes in Individuals With and Without Immune Deficiencies and Dysregulations

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

Background:

The immune system defends the body against disease and infection. Immune deficiencies are health conditions that decrease the strength of this response. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to create a defense against a specific type of germ. Researchers want to compare immune system responses to COVID-19 vaccines in people with and without immune deficiencies.

Objective:

To learn about how people with immune deficiencies respond to COVID-19 vaccines.

Eligibility:

People age 3 and older with an immune deficiency who plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Healthy volunteers are also needed.

Design:

Participants will be pre-screened for eligibility, including COVID-19 vaccination history and immune status.

Participants will give a blood sample before they get their first COVID-19 vaccine. Blood will be drawn from an arm vein using a needle. Blood can be drawn at the NIH, at a local doctor's office, or at a laboratory. It may also be drawn through a fingerstick at home. Participants will also complete 2 online surveys about their health and COVID-19 history. Additional surveys are optional.

Participants will give a second blood sample 2 to 4 weeks after they get the vaccine. They will complete 2 surveys about changes in their health and side effects from the vaccine.

If participants get another COVID-19 vaccine dose, they will repeat the blood draw and surveys 3 to 4 weeks later.

Participants may give 3 optional blood samples in the 24 months after their last vaccine. They may also give saliva samples every 2 weeks while they are in the study for 6 months following their last vaccine.

Participation will last from 1 month to 2 years after the participant's last vaccine.

Clinical Trial Description

Study Description:

This prospective cohort study will assess the pre- and post-vaccination immune responses in individuals with select immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulations compared to healthy volunteers who receive a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, as well as any adverse events (AEs) experienced after vaccination. All required study visits for this protocol may be conducted remotely; in-person visits at the NIH are optional. Subjects who have not yet been vaccinated will undergo baseline blood sampling using finger stick microsampler kits and/or venous blood draw within 7 days prior to receiving the vaccine. Additional samples will be requested from participants approximately 14-21 days after dose 1 and 21-28 days after dose 2 (if applicable). Optional samples may be collected at 6, 12, and 24 months post-vaccination. If subsequent booster doses are received while a participant is still on study, blood samples will again be requested approximately 28 days after each booster dose, through the 5th COVID-19 vaccine dose received, and then participants may proceed with the optional 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up sample collection. Participants who are able to attend in-person visits at NIH will have optional on-site blood draws 1 and 3 days after doses 1 and 2 (as applicable). Research evaluations will include baseline severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers to the spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), and receptor binding domain (RBD) proteins, to assess pre-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 exposure and evaluate responses to vaccination. Additional immune markers of interest may include presence of autoantibodies, transcriptomic profiling, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, among others. Participants who only submit finger stick home microsampler kits at the timepoints listed above will be evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and autoantibodies only. All subjects will be asked at baseline about prior COVID-19 diagnosis, symptoms, and severity, and will be asked additional questions at follow-up timepoints (including after additional booster doses) about vaccine AEs using standardized questionnaires.

Primary Objective:

To characterize the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination among immunodeficient and immune dysregulated individuals compared to healthy volunteers.

Secondary Objectives:

To characterize the COVID-19 vaccine-associated AEs among immunodeficient and immune dysregulated individuals compared to healthy volunteers.

Exploratory Objectives:

Assess the relationship between prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine-induced immune response.

To characterize pre-vaccine COVID-19 disease prevalence and severity among immunodeficient and immune dysregulated individuals.

To assess induction, strength, and durability of T- and B-cell specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 (as measured by frequency and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 specific T and B cell clonotypes and titers of specific antibody responses), and their correlation to the underlying immune deficiency/dysregulation.

To characterize auto-antibodies present in immunodeficient and immune dysregulated individuals before and after COVID-19 vaccination.

To assess the incidence of post-vaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and to determine the SARS-CoV-2 virus genomic sequence in such cases.

Primary Endpoint:

Change in S and RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer from baseline to 14-21 days or 21-28 days (depending on vaccine manufacturer and platform) after vaccine dose 1, and 21-28 days after dose 2 and any subsequent doses (depending on vaccine manufacturer and platform).

Secondary Endpoints:

Incidence of vaccine-associated AEs experienced by immunodeficient individuals compared to healthy volunteers.

Exploratory Endpoints:

Characterization of post-vaccine immune response and AEs in patients with antibody evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

Pre- and post-vaccination incidence of COVID-19-associated symptoms experienced in individuals with immune deficiency/dysregulation who are positive for SARS-CoV-2 by serology or diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Characterize how various forms of immune deficiency or dysregulation impact generation, strength, and durability of T- and B-cell responses.

Incidence of autoantibodies pre- and post-COVID-19 vaccination comparing individuals with immune deficiency/dysregulation to healthy volunteers. ;

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Immunodeficiencies
• Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes

• NCT number: NCT04852276
• Study type: Observational
• Source: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Status: Completed
• Start date: April 20, 2021
• Completion date: August 31, 2023