View clinical trials related to Idiopathic Hypersomnia.
Filter by:Mind wandering is a state in which attention turns away from the external environment or current task to focus on internal thoughts (past experiences, future events, planned actions...). Humans are thought to spend at least one third of their waking lives in this state. Mind wandering can be assessed experimentally by investigating mental content during well-controlled tasks. In this case, task-unrelated thoughts likely to arise during tasks of varying cognitive demand are studied. Mind wandering (=task-unrelated thoughts) has a deleterious effect on cognitive performance in most paradigms, particularly those requiring sustained attention and executive control. However, this phenomenon could also have cognitive benefits, although knowledge on this issue remains limited. For example, it has been suggested that mind wandering could promote creativity, anticipation of future scenarios and prospective memory. In a recent behavioural study, we investigated the cost and benefit of mind wandering in an implicit visual-motor probabilistic learning task (ASRT - Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task). ASRT distinguishes between two fundamental processes: visuomotor performance and implicit statistical learning. While the former reflects visuo-spatial discrimination efficiency, the latter refers to the unintentional acquisition of probabilistic regularities of external inputs. Reduced visuo-spatial accuracy and faster but less accurate responses have been observed during periods of mind-wandering. On the other hand, mind-wandering was associated with enhanced statistical learning reflecting improved predictive processing. Whereas the study of the neural correlates of mind-wandering is constantly growing, the mechanisms triggering mind-wandering are far from being unravelled, but may involve sleep pressure. Thus, the frequency of mind wandering tends to increase after sleep deprivation or during attention-demanding cognitive tasks, during which neurophysiological markers of local sleep appear. These markers of sleep during wakefulness are frequently observed in hypersomnolence disorders. They are generally defined by the appearance of slow waves (typical of slow wave sleep, SWS). Nevertheless, sleep intrusions during wakefulness may not be limited to non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep but also concern REM sleep. REM sleep is the sleep state when the most intense forms of dreaming occur, and could therefore be phenomenologically similar to the reverie of mind wandering. Thus, daytime mental wandering could be triggered by intrusions of REM sleep during wakefulness. Patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) exhibit frequent REM sleep onset during daytime wakefulness. The study of ASRT in this population therefore offers a unique opportunity to investigate the role of REM sleep intrusions in mind wandering. The hypothesis is that mind wandering would be observed more frequently during the ASRT task in NT1 patients (with REM sleep intrusions during wakefulness) than in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) (with NREM sleep intrusions during wakefulness) and patients with subjective hypersomnolence (little or no sleep intrusion). Furthermore, it could be possible that REM sleep-related mind wandering would be associated with impaired visuomotor performance in terms of accuracy, but improved predictive processing (probabilistic learning) compared to NREM sleep intrusions or no sleep intrusion during the task.
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a chronic disabling disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), prolonged nighttime sleep and sleep inertia. IH is a rare disorder, estimated around 0.05%, yet its true prevalence remains unknown. Disease onset occurs most often during young adulthood and is accompanied by severe social, professional and economic impairments, resulting in risk of accident and a loss in patient's quality of life. There are no ANSM (or FDA-) approved treatments for IH symptoms. IH shares common features with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) which is a chronic circadian rhythm disorder which occurs as in IH during young adulthood. The combination of evening melatonin and morning bright light therapy is the most effective validated chronotherapy in DSWPD.Moreover, bright light therapy has direct effects and is known to increase daytime alertness and to improve mood. Melatonin is empirically used in routine clinical practice in patients with IH and French and European recommendations mention melatonin as a possible treatment of sleep inertia in IH. . Our goal is to bring a proof of concept of a safe therapeutic practice for IH combining exogenous melatonin and bright light therapy in
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare and poorly studied disease characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness different from that of narcolepsy (sleep drunkness non-recuperative naps and nocturnal blackout). Local sleep is a recent concept, proposing a local regulation of the sleep-wake state, characterized by slow waves (SW) restricted to certain regions of a globally awake brain. The investigators are going to investigate whether local sleep could explain the sleepiness of these patients better than the global occurrence of sleep which are not very frequent during daytime tests in IH. The investigators propose to look for local sleep through the detection of local slow waves in the EEG of resting wakefulness and during an attentional task in people with IH compared to people with NT1 (sleepy, but with a different type of sleepiness from IH, more abrupt and including REM sleep) and non sleepy people.