Chronic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Intermediate Risk Surgery

Hypotension on Induction Clinical Trial

Official title:

Chronic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Intermediate Risk Surgery: A Randomized, Single-Blinded Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01669434
• Other study ID #: 0369-12-FB
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: June 1, 2015
• Est. completion date: December 1, 2016

Study information

• Verified date: September 2023
• Source: University of Nebraska
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Primary research hypothesis: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #1: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience better postoperative control of hypertension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #2: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience less acute renal failure than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #3: In the subgroup of patients with a preoperative systolic blood pressure less than 110 mmHg, those who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #4: In the subgroup of patients above the age of 64, those who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively.

Description:

The purpose of this study is to determine if transient discontinuation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is necessary prior to non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery. ACEIs have been associated with intraoperative hypotension during vascular and cardiac surgeries. Patients presenting to the University of Nebraska Medical Center Pre-Anesthesia Screening (PAS) Clinic who are on chronic ACEI therapy will be eligible for enrollment. Subjects will be randomized to either omit or continue their ACEI preoperatively. The outcome of interest is intraoperative hypotension defined as a systolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg. Blood pressure will be followed not only throughout surgery, but also during recovery and the remainder of hospitalization. Renal function will be assessed with creatinine measurements in the PAS clinic and on the first postoperative day. No follow-up is planned beyond discharge from the hospital.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 291
• Est. completion date: December 1, 2016
• Est. primary completion date: November 1, 2016
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 19 Years to 90 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Referred to the University of Nebraska Medical Center Pre-Anesthesia Screening Clinic for preoperative evaluation.
• Above referral must be in anticipation of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery.
• Must have been on ACE-Inhibitor therapy for at least six weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 or diastolic blood pressure <60) at the time of preoperative evaluation
• Uncontrolled Hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 150 or diastolic blood pressure > 95) at the time of preoperative evaluation
• Surgery during which vasopressor use is anticipated (carotid endarterectomy, major abdominal operations, orthopedic oncology)
• Surgery for pathology related to vasoactive substances (carcinoid, pheochromocytoma)
• Left Ventricular ejection fraction less than 40%
• Clinical evidence of decompensated heart failure at the time of preoperative evaluation
• End-stage renal disease
• Organ transplant surgeries

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Hypotension
• Hypotension on Induction

Intervention

Drug:
• ACEI continuation
These chronic medications will be taken without interruption preoperatively.
• ACEI omission
Although taken chronically by patients in this intervention, the final preoperative dose of these medications will be omitted, whether it was scheduled for the morning of surgery or the day prior.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of Nebraska Medical Center	Omaha	Nebraska

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Nebraska

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (20)

Bertrand M, Godet G, Meersschaert K, Brun L, Salcedo E, Coriat P. Should the angiotensin II antagonists be discontinued before surgery? Anesth Analg. 2001 Jan;92(1):26-30. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200101000-00006. — View Citation

Comfere T, Sprung J, Kumar MM, Draper M, Wilson DP, Williams BA, Danielson DR, Liedl L, Warner DO. Angiotensin system inhibitors in a general surgical population. Anesth Analg. 2005 Mar;100(3):636-644. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000146521.68059.A1. — View Citation

Coriat P, Richer C, Douraki T, Gomez C, Hendricks K, Giudicelli JF, Viars P. Influence of chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on anesthetic induction. Anesthesiology. 1994 Aug;81(2):299-307. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199408000-00006. — View Citation

Drenger B, Fontes ML, Miao Y, Mathew JP, Gozal Y, Aronson S, Dietzel C, Mangano DT; Investigators of the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation; Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Patterns of use of perioperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: effects on in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Circulation. 2012 Jul 17;126(3):261-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.059527. Epub 2012 Jun 19. — View Citation

Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, Davila-Roman VG, Gerhard-Herman MD, Holly TA, Kane GC, Marine JE, Nelson MT, Spencer CC, Thompson A, Ting HH, Uretsky BF, Wijeysundera DN; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 9;64(22):e77-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944. Epub 2014 Aug 1. No abstract available. — View Citation

Kheterpal S, Khodaparast O, Shanks A, O'Reilly M, Tremper KK. Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy combined with diuretic therapy is associated with increased episodes of hypotension in noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008 Apr;22(2):180-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2007.12.020. — View Citation

Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, Botker HE, Hert SD, Ford I, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Gorenek B, Heyndrickx GR, Hoeft A, Huber K, Iung B, Kjeldsen KP, Longrois D, Luscher TF, Pierard L, Pocock S, Price S, Roffi M, Sirnes PA, Sousa-Uva M, Voudris V, Funck-Brentano C; Authors/Task Force Members. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J. 2014 Sep 14;35(35):2383-431. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu282. Epub 2014 Aug 1. No abstract available. — View Citation

Lee SM, Takemoto S, Wallace AW. Association between Withholding Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the Early Postoperative Period and 30-day Mortality: A Cohort Study of the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Anesthesiology. 2015 Aug;123(2):288-306. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000739. — View Citation

Mascha EJ, Yang D, Weiss S, Sessler DI. Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure Variability and 30-day Mortality in Patients Having Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015 Jul;123(1):79-91. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000686. — View Citation

McConachie I, Healy TE. ACE inhibitors and anaesthesia. Postgrad Med J. 1989 May;65(763):273-4. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.65.763.273. No abstract available. — View Citation

Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, Levin A; Acute Kidney Injury Network. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31. doi: 10.1186/cc5713. — View Citation

Monk TG, Bronsert MR, Henderson WG, Mangione MP, Sum-Ping ST, Bentt DR, Nguyen JD, Richman JS, Meguid RA, Hammermeister KE. Association between Intraoperative Hypotension and Hypertension and 30-day Postoperative Mortality in Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015 Aug;123(2):307-19. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000756. Erratum In: Anesthesiology. 2016 Mar;124(3):741-2. — View Citation

Pigott DW, Nagle C, Allman K, Westaby S, Evans RD. Effect of omitting regular ACE inhibitor medication before cardiac surgery on haemodynamic variables and vasoactive drug requirements. Br J Anaesth. 1999 Nov;83(5):715-20. doi: 10.1093/bja/83.5.715. — View Citation

Rate of all-listed procedures for discharges from short-stay hospitals, by procedure category and age: United States, 2010. 2010.

Roshanov PS, Rochwerg B, Patel A, Salehian O, Duceppe E, Belley-Cote EP, Guyatt GH, Sessler DI, Le Manach Y, Borges FK, Tandon V, Worster A, Thompson A, Koshy M, Devereaux B, Spencer FA, Sanders RD, Sloan EN, Morley EE, Paul J, Raymer KE, Punthakee Z, Devereaux PJ. Withholding versus Continuing Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers before Noncardiac Surgery: An Analysis of the Vascular events In noncardiac Surgery patIents cOhort evaluatioN Prospective Cohort. Anesthesiology. 2017 Jan;126(1):16-27. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001404. — View Citation

Steiner CA, Karaca Z, Moore BJ, Imshaug MC, Pickens G. Surgeries in Hospital-Based Ambulatory Surgery and Hospital Inpatient Settings, 2014. 2017 May [updated 2020 Jul 20]. In: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006 Feb-. Statistical Brief #223. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK442035/ — View Citation

Tan TW, Eslami MH, Kalish JA, Eberhardt RT, Doros G, Goodney PP, Cronenwett JL, Farber A; Vascular Study Group of New England. The need for treatment of hemodynamic instability following carotid endarterectomy is associated with increased perioperative and 1-year morbidity and mortality. J Vasc Surg. 2014 Jan;59(1):16-24.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.025. Epub 2013 Aug 30. — View Citation

Turan A, You J, Shiba A, Kurz A, Saager L, Sessler DI. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are not associated with respiratory complications or mortality after noncardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2012 Mar;114(3):552-60. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318241f6af. Epub 2012 Jan 17. — View Citation

Twersky RS, Goel V, Narayan P, Weedon J. The risk of hypertension after preoperative discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists in ambulatory and same-day admission patients. Anesth Analg. 2014 May;118(5):938-44. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000076. — View Citation

Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, Garg AX, Kurz A, Turan A, Rodseth RN, Cywinski J, Thabane L, Sessler DI. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology. 2013 Sep;119(3):507-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a10e26. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Number of Participants With Interoperative Hypotension	Number of Participants with Interoperative Hypotension (systolic blood pressure under 80 mmHg)	During anesthesia, an expected average of 3 hours.
Secondary	Acute Renal Failure	Creatinine increase of more than 0.3 mg/dl or more than 50% from preoperative level	Arrival in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to hospital discharge, an expected average of 4 days.
Secondary	Low Blood Pressure Subgroup	Only patients with systolic blood pressure less than 110 at preoperative evaluation will be included in this analysis. The outcome is the same as the primary outcome: Intraoperative Systolic Blood Pressure under 80 mmHg.	During anesthesia, an expected average of 3 hours.
Secondary	Older Age Subgroup	Only patients above the age of 64 will be included in this analysis. The outcome is the same as the primary outcome: Intraoperative Systolic Blood Pressure under 80 mmHg	During anesthesia, an expected average of 3 hours.
Secondary	Postoperative Hypertension	Any systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg.	Arrival in PACU to hospital discharge, an expected average of 4 days.
Secondary	Postoperative Hypotension	Any systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg	Arrival in PACU to hospital discharge, an expected average of 4 days.