Study Exploring Safety, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of BN82451 in Male Huntington's Disease Patients

Huntington's Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Dose Escalation, Proof of Concept, Phase IIa Study to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability, the Pharmacokinetic and the Pharmacodynamic of BN82451B, Administered Twice Daily Over 4 Weeks, in Male Patients With Huntington's Disease

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Terminated

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02231580
• Other study ID #: 8-55-52966-005
• Secondary ID: 2013-002899-41
• Status: Terminated
• Phase: Phase 2
• Start date: September 1, 2014
• Est. completion date: March 31, 2016

Study information

• Verified date: January 2019
• Source: Ipsen
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BN82451B versus placebo after oral administration twice daily (bid) for 28 days in patients with Huntington's Disease (HD).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Terminated
• Enrollment: 17
• Est. completion date: March 31, 2016
• Est. primary completion date: March 31, 2016
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 20 Years to 70 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male subjects 20 to 70 years old (inclusive).

• Provision of written informed consent prior to any study related procedures. In this study consent may be provided by the legal guardian or carer.

• Confirmed symptomatic Huntington's Disease diagnosed based on clinical features (i.e. Diagnostic Confidence Level equal to 4) and presence of at least 36 cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeats in the Huntington gene as documented by a copy of a previous genetic test report.

• Unified Huntington's Disease Rated Scale-Total Motor Score (UDHRS-TMS) greater than or equal to 15.

• Ambulatory.

• UDHRS-Total Functional Capacity (TFC) greater than or equal to 3 (i.e. Shoulson & Fahn Scale stages 1-3 inclusive.

• Subjects on antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic therapy must have been on stable treatment 4 weeks prior to study drug start and during the study period.

• Able to swallow study medication.

• Able to perform Q-Motor tests.

• If his partner is at risk of pregnancy, the subject agrees to use a condom or be abstinent for 14 days after the last intake of study drug.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Juvenile forms of Huntington's Disease.

• Any form of chorea other than Huntington's Disease.

• History of seizure, epilepsy or other convulsive disorder, with the exception of febrile seizures in childhood.

• History of conditions susceptible to induce seizures such as severe traumatic brain injury, brain tumours, stroke.

• History of neurosurgical procedure.

• Current evidence or history (within 1 year of Baseline) of psychosis, hallucinations or delusions, including major depression with psychotic features, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Patients currently experiencing mild depression, or moderate depression which is adequately and appropriately treated in the judgement of the investigator, can participate if depression is not expected to interfere with study participation.

• History of drug and/or alcohol abuse as per the DSM IV-TR criteria within 12 months prior to Baseline.

• At imminent risk of self harm based on investigator's clinical judgment, with a "yes" answer on item 4 or 5 on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS) questionnaire.

• Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) total score less than or equal to 23.

• Used any investigational drugs within 30 days prior to Screening or 5 half lives, whichever is the longest.

• Known allergy/sensitivity to the study drugs or their excipients.

• A severe or ongoing unstable medical condition (e.g. cardiac, hepatic, renal, metabolic or endocrine).

• Any clinically significant condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the trial evaluations or optimal participation in the trial.

• Any significant laboratory results which, in the investigator's opinion, would not be compatible with study participation or represent a risk for subjects while in the study.

• History of malignant disease within the 5 years prior to Screening (with the exception of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin that have been completely excised, in situ prostate cancer with a normal prostate specific antigen).

• An estimated Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) of less than 60 mL/minute (using the Cockcroft-Gault formula).

• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)/Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) values greater than or equal to 2 times the Upper Limit of Normal range (ULN) or both GGT and ALT values greater than three times the ULN.

• Known history of hepatitis B or C or Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or positive serology at Screening.

• Corrected QT interval using Bazett's correction (QTcB) greater than 450 ms or other clinically significant ECG findings.

• Receiving tetrabenazine within 4 weeks prior to Baseline.

• Taking the following prohibited medications/substances: Strong Cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors and Strong CYP3A4 inducers (Wash out prior to Baseline 30 days or 5 half lives,whichever is the longest), CYP2B6 substrates, CYP1A2 substrates, CYP3A4 substrates, CYP2C19 substrates (assessed on a case by case basis)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Huntington Disease
• Huntington's Disease

Intervention

Drug:
• BN82451B
BN82451B capsule
• Placebo
Placebo capsule

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ipsen

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Germany, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Numbers of Patients Experiencing Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs).	The safety and tolerability of BN82451B versus placebo was determined after oral administration b.i.d. for 28 days in patients with HD. Numbers of patients experiencing TEAEs, including information on seriousness, intensity, drug relationship and those leading to withdrawal are presented for all doses of BN82451B and placebo.	From Day 1 to end of study (a period of up to 7 weeks).
Secondary	Area Under the Plasma Concentration Time Curve (AUC)	The AUC was determined for BN82451B and its metabolites BN2468 and BN7167 within a dosage interval (0-12 hours) on Days 1, and 14 and 28. Day 1 data represent the AUC after the first dose (AUC[0-12]). The data for Days 14 and 28 (AUC[t,ss]) represent the AUC at steady state at the initial cohort dose and following dose escalation, respectively. Data is presented for cohorts 1 and 2, as the study terminated prior to dosing of cohort 3.	0-12 hours on Days 1, 14 and 28
Secondary	Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax)	Cmax was determined for BN82451B and its metabolites BN2468 and BN7167 on Days 1, 14 and 28. Day 1 data represent the PK after the first dose (Cmax). The data for Days 14 and 28 represent the Cmax at steady state (Cmax,ss) at the initial cohort dose and following dose escalation, respectively. Data is presented for cohorts 1 and 2, as the study terminated prior to dosing of cohort 3.	Days 1, 14 and 28
Secondary	Time to Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax)	Tmax is the empirical time of Cmax and was determined for BN82451B and its metabolites BN2468 and BN7167 on Days 1, 14 and 28. Day 1 data represent the PK after the first dose (Tmax). The data for Days 14 and 28 represent the Tmax at steady state (Tmax,ss) at the initial cohort dose and following dose escalation, respectively. Data is presented for cohorts 1 and 2, as the study terminated prior to dosing of cohort 3.	Days 1, 14 and 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Position-index as Determined by Choreomotography	Choreatic (involuntary) movements were assessed using Choreomotography by calculating a position-index and orientation-index. Patients were asked to grasp and lift a device equipped with an electromagnetic sensor, and were asked to hold the device as stable as possible. Three dimensional (3D) changes in position (x, y and z) and orientation (roll, pitch and yaw) were recorded and used to calculate a position-index and an orientation-index. This method provided an objective measure of the involuntary movements. 5 trials of 20 seconds duration were performed with each hand, and the start and end of each trial was signalled by a cueing tone. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the position-index of the right and left hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present geometric least squares (GLS) mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Orientation-index as Determined by Choreomotography	Choreatic (involuntary) movements were assessed using Choreomotography by calculating a position-index and orientation-index. Patients were asked to grasp and lift a device equipped with an electromagnetic sensor, and were asked to hold the device as stable as possible. 3D changes in position (x, y and z) and orientation (roll, pitch and yaw) were recorded and used to calculate a position-index and an orientation-index. This method provided an objective measure of the involuntary movements. 5 trials of 20 seconds duration were performed with each hand, and the start and end of each trial was signalled by a cueing tone. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the orientation-index of the right and left hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Grip Force Variability as Determined by Manumotography	The coordination of isometric grip forces in the precision grip between the thumb and index finger were assessed by Manumotography. Grip forces were assessed during grip initiation, object transport and in a static holding phase. Subjects were instructed to grasp and lift a device equipped with a force transducer and 3D position sensor in the precision grip between thumb and index finger and hold it stable adjacent to a marker 10 centimetres high. Grip forces and 3D position and orientation of the object were recorded. Mean isometric grip forces and grip force variability in the static phase (expressed as coefficient of variation = standard deviation/mean x 100 [GFV-C]) were calculated during a 15 second period. 5 trials of 20 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the grip force variability of each hand are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Isometric Grip Forces as Determined by Manumotography	The coordination of isometric grip forces in the precision grip between the thumb and index finger were assessed by Manumotography. Grip forces were assessed during grip initiation, object transport and in a static holding phase. Subjects were instructed to grasp and lift a device equipped with a force transducer and 3D position sensor in the precision grip between thumb and index finger and hold it stable adjacent to a marker 10 centimetres high. Grip forces and 3D position and orientation of the object were recorded. Mean isometric grip forces and grip force variability in the static phase (expressed as coefficient of variation = standard deviation/mean x 100 [GFV-C]) were calculated during a 15 second period. 5 trials of 20 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the mean isometric grip forces of each hand are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of Inter Onset Intervals (IOI) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of tap IOI in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IOI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of Tap Durations (TD) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of TD in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of TD for the left and right hands are presented a raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of Inter Peak Intervals (IPI) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of tap IPI in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IPI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of Inter Tap Intervals (ITI) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of ITI in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of ITI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Variability of Peak Tapping Forces (TF) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of TD in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the variability of TF for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Tapping Frequency (Freq) as Assessed by Digitomotography	Digitomotography was used to assess the duration and the variability of TD in an index finger speeded tapping task. The patient placed their hand on a hand rest with their index finger positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to finger tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The tapping frequency was calculated as the number of taps between the onsets of the first and the last tap divided by the time in between. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the tapping frequency for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of IOI as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IOI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of TD as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of TD for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of IPI as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IPI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of ITI as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of ITI for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Variability of Peak TF as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the variability of TF for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Tapping Frequency as Assessed by Dysdiadochomotography	Dysdiadochomotography was used to assess the regularity of hand taps performed when alternating between the palm and dorsal surface of the hand performing a repetitive pronation/supination movement. The force and duration of the hand taps were recorded, with their hand positioned on a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to hand tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each hand. The tapping frequency was calculated as the number of taps between the onsets of the first and the last tap divided by the time in between. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the tapping frequency for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. GLS mean ratios are in original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of IOI as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IOI for the left and right feet are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of TD as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of TD for the left and right feet are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of IPI as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of IPI for the left and right feet are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Duration and Variability of ITI as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the duration and variability of ITI for the left and right feet are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day-1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Variability of Peak TF as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the variability of TF for the left and right feet are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28
Secondary	Change From Baseline to Day 28 in the Mean Tapping Frequency as Assessed by Pedomotography	Pedomotography was used to assess the tap duration and variability in a foot speeded tapping task. The patient placed their foot on the foot device such that the ball of the foot was positioned above a force transducer, and recordings were started after practice runs. The patient was then instructed to foot tap as fast as possible between 2 auditory cues. The beginning of a tap was defined as a rise of the force by 0.05 N above maximal baseline level. The tap ended when it dropped to 0.05 N before the maximal baseline level was reached again. 5 trials of 10 seconds duration were performed with each foot. The tapping frequency was calculated as the number of taps between the onsets of the first and the last tap divided by the time in between. The mean changes from Baseline to Day 28 in the tapping frequency for the left and right hands are presented as raw data. The statistical analyses present GLS mean ratios in the original units.	Baseline (Day -1) to Day 28