Hepatitis B Clinical Trial
Official title:
Efficacy of Combined Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B (Twinrix) Vaccine Compared With Hepatitis B Vaccine Alone in Providing Seroprotection Against Hepatitis B in Hemodialysis Patients
Does vaccinating hemodialysis patients with Twinrix® (combination vaccine against hepatitis A and hepatitis B) result in a difference in hepatitis B antibody response in comparison to the monovalent hepatitis B vaccine? Hepatitis B infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Current standard vaccination practices have low efficacy levels in patients (eg. hemodialysis patients) who are most susceptible of infection. Efficacy of the two regiments will be studied.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a human pathogen that causes acute and chronic liver infection.
Immunosuppression may be associated with more frequent persistent infection and HBV
infections in renal dialysis patients can become chronic. The routes of transmission of the
virus is well established; direct percutaneous inoculation of virus via exchange of
contaminated blood, blood products, body fluids, and hemodialysis. The Center for Diseases
Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends immunization in high-risk groups, including
hemodialysis patients. Ninety to ninety five percent of healthy, immunocompent adults
develop protective anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) with a primary series of
hepatitis B vaccination, but the overall efficacy in renal dialysis patients is much lower.
The proportion of hemodialysis patients who develop a seroprotective antibody even with
higher doses of vaccination is a median 64% (range: 34-88%).
Reports suggest that combined vaccination of hepatitis B and hepatitis A (Twinrix®:
combination vaccine containing inactivated hepatitis A and recombinant hepatitis B) may
improve immunogenicity in healthy individuals. In one study, comparing Anti-HBs geometric
mean titres (GMT) at month 6 of the series, subjects receiving the combined vaccine showed a
statistically significant higher response than those who obtained the monovalent vaccines.
Other studies also reflect the same trend at varying points in the vaccination series.
Currently, there are 426 patients in the hemodialysis program at St. Joseph’s Healthcare in
Hamilton and 324(76%) patients are susceptible to HBV infection.
Our study will determine if the improved immunogenicity observed with combined HAV and HBV
vaccine will increase the efficacy of HBV vaccine in hemodialysis patients.
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Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Single Blind, Primary Purpose: Prevention
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