Healthy Volunteers Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Kale Consumption on Human Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes
The primary objective of this study is to determine how daily consumption of kale changes the activity of human xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Secondary objectives are to measure absorption and metabolism of kale phytonutrients, and to determine how kale consumption affects gene expression related to metabolism and lipid measures associated with cardiovascular health.
Consumption of Brassica vegetables (which include broccoli, cabbage, and kale) is inversely
associated with the incidence of several cancers, including cancers of the lung, stomach,
liver, colon, rectum, breast, endometrium, and ovaries. Brassica vegetables are a good source
of many nutrients, but the unique characteristic of Brassicas is their rich content of
glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that are converted to
bioactive metabolites by a plant enzyme called myrosinase, which is released when the
vesicles containing myrosinase are ruptured by chewing or cutting. These bioactive compounds
are considered to be the active agent for cancer prevention. Their ability to reduce risk of
cancer may derive in part from their ability to modulate foreign-substance metabolizing
enzymes, which include enzymes called Phase I cytochrome P450s and Phase II enzymes.
The primary aim of this study is to investigate how daily consumption of kale influences
foreign-substance metabolizing enzymes, which in turn may reduce cancer risk. Secondary aims
of this study include measuring metabolism of kale nutrients, effect of kale consumption on
fecal microbiota, and how kale consumption influences risk factors for cardiovascular
disease.
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