| Eligibility |
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Healthy adult volunteers:
- Healthy adults, aged 18-80 years
- Able to provide informed consent
- Normal hearing sensitivity, defined as pure-tone thresholds less than or equal to 25
dB HL, or when the pure-tone threshold exceeds 25 dB HL, it must be less than or equal
to the median threshold for the appropriate gender- and age-based group, for 250-8000
Hz (Morrell et al, 1996, ISO-7029, 2000).
- No air-bone gaps in excess of 10 dB for 500-4000 Hz.
- Normal middle ear function as indicated by normal 226 Hz tympanograms bilaterally,
defined as middle ear pressure between more or less 100 decaPascals, and peak
compensated static compliance between 0.3-1.5 milliliters
- American English as a first language for those participating in study tasks evaluating
auditory processing.
- Able to refrain from caffeine and alcohol for 48 hours before vestibular study
sessions because both agents may modify the test results.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- History of auditory and/or vestibular disorders (e.g., Meniere s syndrome,
labyrinthitis).
- Evidence of active outer or middle ear disease or anomaly (e.g. otitis media, stenotic
ear canal, otorrhea)
- History of chronic (fluid in middle ear for more than 4 months) or recurrent otitis
media (more than 4 episodes of acute otitis media in one year)
- History of ear surgery other than PE tubes
- Current PE tubes
- History of treatment with ototoxic medications (e.g. cisplatin, aminoglycoside
antibiotics)
- Unable to discontinue medications that can interfere with vestibular test results for
the 48 hours immediately preceding a vestibular study session. These include any and
all anti-dizziness medications (such as Antivert), prescription pain medications (such
as Percocet), prescription headache medications (such as Imitrex), sleeping pills
(such as Ambien), anti-seizure medications (such as Topamax), and/or antihistamines
(such as Benadryl).
- Current diagnosis from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM
IV) of a psychiatric disorder or on medications for a psychiatric disorder in the past
two years, including any or all antidepressants, anxiolytics, or psychostimulant
drugs.
- Cognitive impairment as evidenced by a score <26 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
(MoCA).
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as evidenced by a score of greater
than or equal than or equal to 4 on the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (Kessler et al.,
2005).
- History or diagnosis of a central nervous system disorder, including but not limited
to:
- Intracranial tumors
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Degenerative CNS disorder
- CNS trauma
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Current diagnosis of speech and/or language disorders, autism, auditory neuropathy, or
auditory processing disorder; or in therapy for these disorders in past 2 years.
- Reduced visual acuity preventing ability to see the visual targets used for vestibular
and balance testing as evidenced by corrected visual acuity worse than 20/25 on a
Snellen chart for those participating in vestibular tasks.
- Ocular motor impairment preventing ability accurately follow the visual target used
for calibration and/or ocular motor tasks for those participating in the vestibular
tasks.
- Employees and staff of the Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, NIDCD.
- Reduced balance or postural instability as evidenced by a Timed Up and Go score
greater than or equal to 11.1 seconds (Whitney et al., 2004) for adults <65 years of
age and >12.6 seconds for adults 65-80 years of age (Shumway-Cook et al.,2000) and/or
Activities-specific Balance Confidence Score <67% for those participating in
vestibular study tasks.
Healthy children volunteers:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Healthy children, aged 5 years-0 months to 17 years-11 months
- Normal hearing sensitivity, defined as pure-tone thresholds of 15 dB HL or better for
250-8000 Hz
- Normal middle ear function as indicated by normal 226 Hz tympanograms bilaterally,
defined as middle ear pressure between more or less 100 decaPascals, and peak
compensated static compliance between 0.2-1.5 milliliters
- American English as a first language for those participating in study tasks evaluating
auditory processing.
- Ability to follow the verbal instructions and commands for study tests
- Able to refrain from alcohol and caffeine intake for 48 hours before vestibular study
sessions because caffeine may modify the test results
- Weight greater than 40 pounds for those participating in vestibular tasks that include
CDDP
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- History of auditory and/or vestibular disorders (e.g. Meniere syndrome, enlarged
vestibular aqueduct).
- Evidence of active outer or middle ear disease or anomaly (e.g. otitis media, stenotic
ear canal, otorrhea)
- History of chronic (fluid in middle ear for more than 4 months) or recurrent otitis
media (more than 4 episodes of acute otitis media in one year)
- History of ear surgery other than PE tubes
- Current PE tubes
- History of treatment with ototoxic medications (e.g. cisplatin, aminoglycoside
antibiotics)
- Unable to discontinue medications that can interfere with vestibular test results for
the 48 hours immediately preceding a vestibular study session. These include any and
all anti-dizziness medications (such as Antivert), prescription pain medications (such
as Percocet), prescription headache medications (such as Imitrex), sleeping pills
(such as Ambien), anti-seizure medications (such as Topamax), and/or antihistamines
(such as Benadryl).
- Current diagnosis from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM
IV) of a psychiatric disorder or on medications for psychiatric disorder in the past
two years, including any or all antidepressants, anxiolytics, or psychostimulant
drugs.
- Cognitive impairment as evidenced by a standard score less than 85 on the Peabody
Picture Vocabulary Test (Fourth Edition)
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as evidenced by a score of greater
than or equal to 6 on the SNAP IV
- History or previous diagnosis of a central nervous system disorder, including but not
limited to:
- Intracranial tumors
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Degenerative CNS disorder
- CNS trauma
- Encephalitis
- Meningitis
- Current diagnosis of speech and/or language disorders or delays, autism, auditory
neuropathy, or auditory processing disorder; or in therapy of these disorders in past
2 years.
- Reduced visual acuity preventing ability to see the visual targets used for vestibular
and balance testing as evidenced by corrected visual acuity worse than 20/25 on a
Snellen chart for those participating in vestibular study tasks.
- Ocular motor impairment preventing ability to see or accurately follow the visual
target used for ocular motor tasks for those participating in the vestibular study
tasks.
- Reduced balance or postural instability as evidenced by a Timed Up and Go score of
greater than or equal to 9.4 seconds for those participating in vestibular study
tasks.
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