Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Active, not recruiting
Administrative data
| NCT number |
NCT02198911 |
| Other study ID # |
9212-B |
| Secondary ID |
|
| Status |
Active, not recruiting |
| Phase |
N/A
|
| First received |
|
| Last updated |
|
| Start date |
June 2013 |
| Est. completion date |
December 31, 2024 |
Study information
| Verified date |
June 2023 |
| Source |
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville |
| Contact |
n/a |
| Is FDA regulated |
No |
| Health authority |
|
| Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
The purpose of this study is to examine if chewing gum before an eating bout will increase
the rate of habituation and subsequently reduce energy intake within the eating bout.
Description:
Approximately two-thirds of U.S. adults are overweight or obese, thus placing obesity first
as a public health concern in the U.S. Not only is obesity detrimental at the individual
level, by increasing risk for chronic disease and premature mortality, but it also presents
problems at the economical level by increasing medical costs.
At the heart of weight management is the ability to appropriately regulate energy intake. A
key factor in regulation of consumption is satiation, the process by which an eating bout
ends. Quicker onset of satiation may result in decreased consumption, which is important in
achieving an adequate energy balance. Negative energy balance, in which energy intake is less
than energy expenditure, is required for weight loss; however, there are challenges with
increased hunger and decreased satiation as energy intake is decreased.
One of the factors believed to influence satiation is the ability to increase the rate of
habituation occurring during an eating bout. Habituation is a basic form of learning that can
be measured by the rate of decrease in consummatory response to repeated presentations of
food orosensory cues. Following this decreased response rate to a particular food,
presentation of new orosensory cues may result in dishabituation to both the previously
habituated food as well as the new orosensory cue, thus causing an increase in consummatory
response. Dishabituation during an eating bout, i.e. exposure to a variety of orosensory
cues, may be related to recovery of appetite and decreased satiation, leading the
calorie-replete individual to overconsume. Alternatively, with repeated presentations of the
same orosensory cue, one becomes accustomed to the taste faster, giving rise to habituation,
which should increase satiation. A more rapid rate of habituation would mean that less energy
is consumed within an eating bout. Research indicates increased weight status in relation to
slower habituation rates as well as an inverse relationship between the extent of orosensory
variety and habituation rates. Additionally, research shows a positive association between
amount of orosensory cues and amount consumed within an eating bout.
One way to provide a single orosensory cue and initiate enhanced habituation with a minimal
amount of additional energy intake is by chewing sugar-free, flavored gum. If matched to the
flavor of the food about to be consumed, chewing gum prior to an eating bout may increase the
rate of habituation, consequently reducing consumption.
Therefore, the purpose of this proof-of-concept study is to examine if chewing gum before an
eating bout will increase the rate of habituation and subsequently reduce energy intake
within the eating bout. The outcomes of this study may be useful in the health setting for
creating prescriptions for weight-loss, weight maintenance, and weight-gain prevention.
