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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

NCT number NCT04294368
Other study ID # AAAS6625
Secondary ID
Status Recruiting
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date March 9, 2020
Est. completion date April 2025

Study information

Verified date May 2024
Source Columbia University
Contact Jenny Taylor, MD
Phone 212-305-8500
Email jt3073@cumc.columbia.edu
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study is a randomized controlled trial comparing standard fortification of donor breast milk to targeted fortification of donor breast milk in preterm infants. The purpose of the study is to determine if there is a benefit to target fortifying donor breast milk in the preterm population. The investigators hypothesize that infants receiving targeted fortification of donor breast milk will have improved growth compared to infants receiving standard fortification of donor breast milk.


Description:

Breast milk is the best food for premature infants due to its ability to protect infants from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset sepsis. When a premature infant's mother's own milk supply is not enough to provide all the milk that her premature infant needs, donated breast milk is the next best option. One of the downsides of donor breast milk is that it often does not contain as much nutrition for the developing infant compared to the milk of a mother of a premature infant. This means a higher likelihood for poor growth in infant receiving mostly donor breast milk compared to mom's own milk. Due to an inability to easily measure the nutritional content of donor breast milk, standard practice has been to assume that the milk has a certain amount of fat, carbohydrates, and protein. Based on these assumptions, a set amount of additional nutritional fortifier is added to both donor and mom's own breast milk prior to it being given to the infant. Studies show that there is often less nutrition in the donor breast milk to start with than assumed. Technology is now available which uses a small volume sample to measure fat, protein, and carbohydrates in human milk, and hence, calculate the calories in the milk. Using this technology, in this study, the investigators will customize the fortification of donor breast milk by first measuring what is in the milk and then adding any additional fortification that is needed to reach the recommended goals for fat, protein, and carbohydrates. The investigators hypothesize that infants receiving this customized milk, so-called "target" fortified donor breast milk, will have better growth than infants receiving the standard amount of fortification added to their donor breast milk. The study design involves measurement of macronutrient and calorie content of donor breast milk using a point-of-care human milk analyzer (Miris, AB). The individual macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) concentrations will be targeted in the intervention group such that the infant will receive protein of 4 g/kg/day, fat of 6.6 g/kg/day, and carbohydrates of 11.6-13.2 g/kg/day. Fortification will be added in a step-wise fashion daily over a 3-4 day period starting when the infant reaches about 80 ml/kg/day in feeding volume. Fortifiers that may be used in this study include: Abbott Similac Human Milk Fortifier Extensively Hydrolyzed Protein Concentrated Liquid, Abbott Liquid Protein, Nestle Microlipid, and Medica Nutrition SolCarb. Participants in the control arm will receive donor milk that is fortified in the standard fashion at this institution; that is, 4 packets of Human Milk Fortifier will be added to 100 ml of donor breast milk. Additional fortification such as liquid protein or microlipid may be added to the donor milk and mom's own milk in response to poor growth for participants in both groups, as is standard of care in this Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Patients in both experimental and control groups will always receive mom's own milk first when it is available. Mom's own milk will not be analyzed and will always be fortified in the standard fashion for both groups. The participants will be studied until they reach 34 weeks corrected gestational age.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Recruiting
Enrollment 50
Est. completion date April 2025
Est. primary completion date April 2025
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 1 Day to 21 Days
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - Premature infants born </= 30 weeks gestational age - Birth Weight </= 1500 grams Exclusion Criteria: - Parents do no consent to donor milk - Confounders for poor growth such as congenital heart disease, GI diagnoses such as gastroschisis and omphalocele, and or major congenital anomalies - Grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage diagnoses prior to randomization - Small for gestational age (<3% on Fenton Growth Curve) - Failure to initiate fortified feeds prior to 3 weeks of life - Diagnosis of necrotizing entercolitis prior to randomization - Diagnosis of early onset sepsis confirmed with positive culture

Study Design


Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
Similac Human Milk Fortifier Extensively Hydrolyzed Protein Concentrated Liquid
The control group will receive mother's breast milk when it is available. Mother's breast milk will be fortified with 4 packets of Similac Human Milk Fortifier (HMF) per 100 mL. When mother's breast milk is not available, participants will be fed donor breast milk with 4 packets of HMF.
Similac Liquid Protein Fortifier
For participants in the control group, additional fortification can be added to the milk for patients in this group in response to poor growth, as is standard of care in the NICU. The standard dose is 1 ml per 30 ml of breast milk.
Nestle Microlipid
For participants in the control group, additional fortification can be added to the milk for patients in this group in response to poor growth, as is standard of care in the NICU. The standard dose is 1 ml per 30 ml of breast milk.
Medica Nutrition SolCarb
For participants in the control group, additional fortification can be added to the milk for patients in this group in response to poor growth, as is standard of care in the NICU.
Similac Human Milk Fortifier Extensively Hydrolyzed Protein Concentrated Liquid (Targeted Fortification)
The experimental group will receive mother's breast milk when it is available. Mother's breast milk will be fortified with 4 packets of Similac Human Milk Fortifier (HMF) per 100 mL. When mother's breast milk is not available, participants will be fed donor breast milk with 4 packets of HMF. For participants in the experimental group, the investigators will continue to add fortification. Two packets of HMF per day will be added until goal fortification is reached.
Similac Liquid Protein Fortifier (Targeted Fortification)
Participants in the experimental group will receive a dose that will vary depending on the base protein content in the donor breast milk for each particular batch of donor breast milk.
Nestle Microlipid (Targeted Fortification)
Participants in the experimental group will receive a dose that will vary depending on the base fat content in the donor breast milk for each particular batch of donor breast milk
Medica Nutrition SolCarb (Targeted Fortification)
Participants in the experimental group will receive a dose that will vary depending on the base carbohydrate content in the donor breast milk for each particular batch of donor breast milk
Other:
Analysis with Miris (AB) Human Milk Analyzer
For participants in both the control and the experimental arms, each batch of donor milk will be analyzed using the Miris Human Milk Analyzer. Manufacturer recommendations for milk analysis will be strictly followed.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States Columbia University Medical Center/ New York - Presbyterian New York New York

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Columbia University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (13)

Arslanoglu S, Boquien CY, King C, Lamireau D, Tonetto P, Barnett D, Bertino E, Gaya A, Gebauer C, Grovslien A, Moro GE, Weaver G, Wesolowska AM, Picaud JC. Fortification of Human Milk for Preterm Infants: Update and Recommendations of the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Working Group on Human Milk Fortification. Front Pediatr. 2019 Mar 22;7:76. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00076. eCollection 2019. — View Citation

Billard H, Simon L, Desnots E, Sochard A, Boscher C, Riaublanc A, Alexandre-Gouabau MC, Boquien CY. Calibration Adjustment of the Mid-infrared Analyzer for an Accurate Determination of the Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk. J Hum Lact. 2016 Aug;32(3):NP19-27. doi: 10.1177/0890334415588513. Epub 2015 Jun 2. — View Citation

Fusch C. Avoiding Postnatal Growth Retardation by Individualized Fortification of Breast Milk: Implications for Somatic and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes. Breastfeed Med. 2019 Apr;14(S1):S15-S17. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0031. No abstract available. — View Citation

Fusch G, Rochow N, Choi A, Fusch S, Poeschl S, Ubah AO, Lee SY, Raja P, Fusch C. Rapid measurement of macronutrients in breast milk: How reliable are infrared milk analyzers? Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun;34(3):465-76. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.05.005. Epub 2014 May 17. — View Citation

Gidrewicz DA, Fenton TR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the nutrient content of preterm and term breast milk. BMC Pediatr. 2014 Aug 30;14:216. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-216. — View Citation

Horbar JD, Ehrenkranz RA, Badger GJ, Edwards EM, Morrow KA, Soll RF, Buzas JS, Bertino E, Gagliardi L, Bellu R. Weight Growth Velocity and Postnatal Growth Failure in Infants 501 to 1500 Grams: 2000-2013. Pediatrics. 2015 Jul;136(1):e84-92. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0129. — View Citation

John A, Sun R, Maillart L, Schaefer A, Hamilton Spence E, Perrin MT. Macronutrient variability in human milk from donors to a milk bank: Implications for feeding preterm infants. PLoS One. 2019 Jan 25;14(1):e0210610. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210610. eCollection 2019. — View Citation

Montjaux-Regis N, Cristini C, Arnaud C, Glorieux I, Vanpee M, Casper C. Improved growth of preterm infants receiving mother's own raw milk compared with pasteurized donor milk. Acta Paediatr. 2011 Dec;100(12):1548-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02389.x. Epub 2011 Jul 14. — View Citation

Morlacchi L, Mallardi D, Gianni ML, Roggero P, Amato O, Piemontese P, Consonni D, Mosca F. Is targeted fortification of human breast milk an optimal nutrition strategy for preterm infants? An interventional study. J Transl Med. 2016 Jul 1;14(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0957-y. — View Citation

O'Connor DL, Ewaschuk JB, Unger S. Human milk pasteurization: benefits and risks. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015 May;18(3):269-75. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000160. — View Citation

Quan M, Wang D, Gou L, Sun Z, Ma J, Zhang L, Wang C, Schibler K, Li Z. Individualized Human Milk Fortification to Improve the Growth of Hospitalized Preterm Infants. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020 Aug;35(4):680-688. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10366. Epub 2019 Jul 3. — View Citation

Rochow N, Fusch G, Choi A, Chessell L, Elliott L, McDonald K, Kuiper E, Purcha M, Turner S, Chan E, Xia MY, Fusch C. Target fortification of breast milk with fat, protein, and carbohydrates for preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2013 Oct;163(4):1001-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.04.052. Epub 2013 Jun 12. — View Citation

Zhu M, Yang Z, Ren Y, Duan Y, Gao H, Liu B, Ye W, Wang J, Yin S. Comparison of macronutrient contents in human milk measured using mid-infrared human milk analyser in a field study vs. chemical reference methods. Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Jan;13(1):10.1111/mcn.12248. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12248. Epub 2016 Feb 23. — View Citation

* Note: There are 13 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Change in weight Weight change in g/kg/day, z-score value, and change in z-score from week-to-week Up to 11 weeks
Primary Change in length Length change in cm/kg/day, z-score value, and change in z-score from week-to-week Up to 11 weeks
Primary Head circumference Head circumference change in cm/kg/day, z-score value, and change in z-score from week-to-week Up to 11 weeks
Secondary Total Number of Days of Length of Stay in NICU Today number of days in the NICU. Up to 1 year
Secondary Rate of Mortality Rate of morality during NICU hospitalization. Up to one year
Secondary Number of Feeding Intolerance Events The number of feeding intolerance events, defined as 1 or more feeds held. Up to 34 weeks corrected gestational age
Secondary Number of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Events Number of necrotizing enterocolotis events. Up to 1 year of age
Secondary Incidence of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Incidence of supplemental oxygen requirement at 36 weeks corrected gestational age. Up to 1 year of age
Secondary Incidence of Retinopathy of prematurity Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity Up to 1 year of age
Secondary Percentage of Feeds with Donor Milk and Mother's Milk Percent of feeds that are donor milk and mom's own milk. Up to 34 weeks corrected gestational age
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