Gingival Thickness Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Use Of Specially Designed Probe Versus Cone- Beam Computerized Tomography In The Measurement Of Gingival Thickness: Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Accurate measurement of gingival thickness is crucial for decision making in the field of
Periodontology and implant dentistry. Currently implemented techniques for the detection of
gingival biotype are of limited reliability. They possess different drawbacks leading to the
necessity for the development of a new method to overcome disadvantages of the available
techniques.
the rational of this study is to determine the accuracy of a specially designed probe in
comparison to cone- beam computerized tomography which is accurate enough as found by Fu et
al 2010.
The success of the esthetic outcome for the anterior teeth restorations and periodontal
surgeries depends on several factors such as the gingival biotype, teeth alignment and
architecture of the gingiva.
The first who introduced the term biotype are Seibert and Lindhe 1989, they categorized the
gingiva to ''thick-flat'' and ''thin-scalloped'' biotypes . Thick biotype is associated with
broad tissue and flat gingiva which is also supported by thick bony plate. Thin biotype is
associated with thin band of keratinized tissue and scalloped gingiva which is supported by
thin bony plate.
A gingival thickness of more or equal to 2 mm is defined as thick biotype and a gingival
thickness of less than 1.5 mm as thin biotype. Different gingival biotypes response in
different ways to inflammation, restorative and periodontal surgery .
The gingival thickness may predict the outcome of periodontal and restorative treatments. For
implant surgery, implant in thin biotype will lead to future peri-implant mucosal recession .
The gingival thickness affects the treatment outcome possibly because of the difference in
the amount of blood supply of the underlying bone and susceptibility to resorption .
Multiple techniques were proposed to measure the tissue thickness , such as direct
measurement ultrasonic devices probe transparency method and cone-beam computed tomography
scan
In the direct method, the tissue thickness is measured using a periodontal probe. This method
has limitations, such as the angulation of the probe during probing and distortion of tissue
during probing
Transgingival method is a simple method to discriminate thin gingival based on the
transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin This method was found to be
highly reproducible with 85% intra examiner repeatability in a clinical trial of 100
periodontally healthy area . However, this method immeasurable and when presence of pigmented
gingiva sometimes hampers the correct identification of gingival biotype .
Another method that was introduced as one of the gingival biotype diagnostic methods is
Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT), which is widely used to analyze the maxillofacial
region . The first who presented commercial CBCT system was Mozzo et al., 1998 . The CBCT
offers high-quality diagnostic method and it has become essential in dental practice.
Lascala et al., 2004 have shown the reliability and accuracy when measuring anatomical
structures from CBCT images and compared them with measurements of real distances of dry
skulls . It was previously reported that CBCT is not indicated for evaluating soft tissue
appearance and thickness, and it was considered as a tool for exclusively evaluating hard
tissues of the maxillofacial complex . However, recently it has been reported that CBCT can
be applied for visualizing and measuring soft tissues of the dento-gingival unit ). Fu et
al., 2010 also stated that CBCT provides accurate measurements of both bone and labial soft
tissue thickness when compared to caliper method .
A new simple probe is specially designed in an attempt to overcome the angulation problem of
the direct method, the complexity and high cost of CBCT and the limitation of the
transgingival method.
Aim of Study:
The aim of the study is the evaluation of the use of specially designed probe versus cone-
beam computerized tomography in measurement of gingival thickness.
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