Functional Performance Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Pre-Event Soft Tissue Treatment on Functional Movement and Functional Performance
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Astym® treatment, The Stick® treatment and massage treatment on performance among healthy college athletes and to investigate any relationship between functional movement and functional performance. Participants will be recruited from Division II, National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) basketball and volleyball teams. The participants will be randomized into one of three groups: Astym treatment (AT), The Stick treatment (ST) or massage treatment (MT). The participant will have baseline measures of vertical jump (VJ), Y-Balance Lower Quarter Screen (YBLQ), and a rating of current perceived lower extremity function using a visual analog scale (PLEF-VAS). The participants will be treated using either the AT, ST, or MT following baseline measures. Immediately following the intervention, a second measurement of VJ, YBLQ, and PLEF-VAS will take place. The data will be analyzed using mixed ANOVA tests which will be conducted for each dependent variable. In addition, functional movement is thought to be related to functional performance. A Pearson Product Correlation analysis will be used to understand any relationship between YBLQ and VJ. It is hypothesized that those in the AT group will have different percent change in their YBLQ, VJ, and PLEF-VAS compared to those in ST and MT groups. It is hypothesized that a correlation between YBLQ and VJ will exist. As a result, clinicians could use AT among basketball and volleyball athletes without hindering acute performance. Any risks the participants could encounter are minimal. Participants may withdraw themselves and their data at any time. The intervention and testing are similar to what an athlete would be exposed to during their collegiate career. Any participant injured during this study will be referred to their university sports medicine staff, health center, or the Indiana Wesleyan University health center.
All participants will complete baseline testing, intervention, and post intervention testing
in a single day. The total time for a participant to complete the entire study is
anticipated to be between 1.5 and 2 hours. Upon arrival to the Athletic Training Clinic, a
participant's demographic information will be collected. This information will consist of
the following: age, weight, height, and percent body fat using a standard seven site
skinfold measurement. Other information will be recorded, such as sport, position, gender,
years of college sport experience, and year in school. The research team will ensure that
the participant is dressed appropriately in athletic shorts and T-shirt. Spandex® or
compression type garments will not be allowed to be worn at any time during the study.
Once the demographic information is collected, a full body warm up will be initiated.
Participants will be instructed to warm up on a bike for 5 minutes at an intensity of 4 to 6
as represented on the OMNI scale of perceived exertion. This warm up is based on the
guidelines set forth by the American College of Sports Medicine. Following the warm up, each
participant's baseline measurements will be taken in this order: Vertical Jump (VJ),
Y-Balance Lower Quarter (YBLQ), and rating of Perceived Lower Extremity Function-Visual
Analog Scale (PLEF-VAS).
Following baseline data collection, participants will be randomly assigned to an
intervention. One of the three treatments previously described will take place in the
Athletic Training Clinic. An individual not associated with the research committee or
research team will conduct the randomization. Immediately following the intervention,
participants will proceed to the performance evaluation testing area for post treatment
testing. The participant may elect to bring one chaperon of their choosing to the treatment
area. Warm up and performance testing order will remain consistent for each participant and
will follow the order as conducted during baseline measure.
Trained undergraduate research assistants, blinded from the treatment allocation will
collect the testing data. The testing data will include: the VJ, YBLQ, and the PLEF-VAS. The
clinicians (doctoral candidate and assisting clinician) will provide Astym treatment (AT),
The Stick treatment (ST), or massage treatment (MT) and will not be present for the VJ,
YBLQ, and the PLEF-VAS nor will the clinicians providing the intervention be present in the
testing area during baseline test collection.
Testing Procedures Participants will perform the VJ and YBLQ Screen following a
5-minute-warm up as previously described. The highest jump of three attempts will be
recorded for the counter movement VJ. The longest reach of three attempts in the anterior,
posteriolateral and posteromedial directions will be recorded following the established YBLQ
protocol.
Vertical Jump A Belt Mat (University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada) vertical jump measuring
device will be utilized for this study. The participant is positioned on a mat with a belt
placed around the waist. The belt has a tape measure running form the belt to the mat. The
participant is asked to stand erect to establish 'zero'. The participant then jumps
vertically while the belt is around the waist pulling out the remaining tape measure. The
vertical jump height is recorded as the displacement of the tape measure. The participant
will propel vertically as high as possible. A preparatory stutter step will not be used;
however, a counter movement may be used. A countermovement is where the participant quickly
flexes the knees and hips while moving the thorax forward and downward while swinging the
arms back. Three jump attempts will be given to each participant where a measurement will
take place after each attempt. Measurements will be recorded to the nearest half inch and
then converted to centimeters. The highest measurement will be used for analysis.
Y Balance Lower Quarter Screen Testing procedures for the YBLQ (Y Balance Test Kit,
Move2Perform; Evansville, IN) will follow the protocol previously established by researchers
The participant will have viewed a two minute instructional video prior to practicing six
reaches in each of the three directions bilaterally: anterior, posteriormedial and
posteriorlateral. Following the practice reaches, the participant will stand on the Y
Balance center footplate with the right foot behind the start line. With the free foot, the
participant will reach in the anterior direction pushing the indicator box as far as
possible. Three successful measurements in as many as six attempts in the reach direction
will be recorded with the best, successful reach being used for analysis. The participant
will then switch stance legs. The indicator box will be reset and the participant will reach
with the right foot in the anterior direction. This cycle will continue for the
posteromedial and posterolateral directions. Successful reaches are those where the
participant maintained contact with stance leg on the center footplate and behind the start
line throughout the reach attempt. Successful reaches also will include maintaining contact
with the indicator box during the reach attempt, not using the indicator box for support,
and returning to start position under control. The participant will rest only as long as it
takes the recorder to reset the indicator box and log the reach distance.
Rating of Perceived Lower Extremity Function The participant will be asked to rate current
perceived lower extremity function on a 100mm line anywhere between 'my function is at its
worst' and 'my function is at its best.' The participant will rate by placing a vertical
line that intersects the 100mm horizontal line perpendicularly. A standard metric ruler will
be used to measure from the farthest left to the intersecting line. This distance will be
recorded.
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