Food Preferences Clinical Trial
Official title:
Role of Long-term Dietary Sweetness Exposure on Sweetness Preferences
Verified date | June 2024 |
Source | Wageningen University |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
In recent years, social pressure has been exerted towards lowering sugar and sweetness levels in foods, with the aim of decreasing the sweetness preference of the general population. However, the resilience/flexibility of sweetness preferences and the impact on energy intake is a fundamental knowledge gap. Recent, relatively long-term studies limited to no more than 3 months did not find a relationship between sweetness exposure and sweetness preferences. Therefore, a longer-term systematic investigation is necessary to objectively evaluate whether sweetness preferences can be altered via varying the sweetness exposure and whether it can affect other outcomes, such as perceived taste intensity, food intake, body weight, body composition, glucose homeostasis and sweet liker type. The study sample will consist of 180 subjects. Enrolled participants will be distributed into three intervention groups; regular dietary sweetness exposure (n=60); low dietary sweetness exposure (n=60); and high dietary sweetness exposure (n =60). The intervention is semi-controlled for a period of six months. Preference and perceived taste intensity of a series of familiar and unfamiliar foods will be assessed at baseline (Day 0), during the intervention (Month 1, Month 3, Month 6) and in the follow-up period (Month 7, Month 10). Furthermore, outcomes such as observed food choice and intake during a test meal, reported food preferences, reported food cravings, sweet-liker type, glucose homeostasis, body weight, body composition and biomarkers related to diabetes and cardiovascular disease will be assessed as well.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 180 |
Est. completion date | June 5, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | June 5, 2024 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Good general health; - Age 18 - 65 years; - Body mass index 18.5 - 30 kg/m2; - Having normal taste ability (assessed with taste strips test); - Having normal glucose levels in blood (assessed with a finger prick); - Able to provide informed consent; - Able to attend Wageningen University, as required for testing. Exclusion Criteria: - Diagnosed with diabetes currently or in the past; - Has been notified to have insulin resistance currently or in the past; - Diagnosed with endocrine diseases or other metabolic diseases that influence metabolism; - Diagnosed with eating disorders; - Diagnosed with taste or smell disorder; - Pregnant or lactating during the study intervention; - Gain or loss of more than 3 kg in the last three months prior to study entry; - Suffering from lack of appetite (self-report); - Use of medication that may influence study results; such as medication that may affect blood sugar; - Having a food allergy or/and food intolerance for foods used in the preference testing (e.g. lactose intolerance, celiac disease, egg allergy); - Consumes more than 14 glasses of alcohol per week; - Use of soft or hard drugs (e.g. cannabis); - Student or personnel of Nutrition and Health at Wageningen University; - Participating in another study/studies or planning to participate in another study. Specific criteria for withdrawal: - Pregnancy; - Weight change of 4 kg or more. In a case of systematic weight change - a subject has gained or lost 4 kg or more at the 3-month period, he/she will be excluded from the study (stop criterion). |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Netherlands | Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University | Wageningen |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Wageningen University | American Beverage Association, Arla Foods, Bournemouth University, Cargill, Cosun Nutrition Center, Netherlands, Firmenich, Switzerland, International Sweeteners Association, Next Food Collective, SinoSweet, China, TKI Agri & Food, Unilever R&D |
Netherlands,
Cad EM, Tang CS, de Jong HBT, Mars M, Appleton KM, de Graaf K. Study protocol of the sweet tooth study, randomized controlled trial with partial food provision on the effect of low, regular and high dietary sweetness exposure on sweetness preferences in Dutch adults. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 11;23(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14946-4. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Other | Gender. | Self-reported. | Assessed at month 0. | |
Other | Height. | Measured with a stadiometer. | Assessed at month 0. | |
Other | Physical activity level. | Measured with the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health enhancing physical activity (SQUASH). | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Other | Polymorphisms in the genes related to the sweet taste perception. | Genes will be extracted from collected blood samples. | Assessed at month 0. | |
Other | Age. | Self-reported. | Assessed at month 0. | |
Other | Medicine usage. | Number and type of medicine used, self-reported. | Assessed at month 0. | |
Primary | Change in preference score. | Measured during preference testing, using Ranking on a scale methodology (scale anchored at 0: Dislike extremely; 50: Neither dislike or like; 100: Like extremely) in a series of test foods. | from month 0 to month 6. | |
Secondary | Change in preference score. | Measured during preference testing, using Ranking on a scale methodology (scale anchored at 0: Dislike extremely; 50: Neither dislike or like; 100: Like extremely) in a series of test foods. | from month 0 to month 1, 3, 7 ad 10. | |
Secondary | Difference in mean liking scores between familiar and unfamiliar foods. | Measured during preference testing, using Ranking on a scale methodology (scale anchored at 0: Dislike extremely; 50: Neither dislike or like; 100: Like extremely) in a series of test foods. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Change in sensory intensity scores. | Measured during sensory testing, using 100-unit Visual analogue scale (VAS), (anchored at 0: not sweet/salty at all; 100: Extremely sweet/salty) in a series of test foods. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Change in energy intake. | Measured during ad-libitum test meal in kcal. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Change in energy intake. | Measured during ad-libitum test meal in kJ. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Proportion of eaten sweet foods vs. foods from other taste modalities. | Measured during ad-libitum test meal in proportions. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months | |
Secondary | Sweet-liker status score. | Measured on a 100-unit VAS scale (anchored at 0: Dislike; 100: Like). | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Food craving questionnaire scores. | Measured using the Control of eating questionnaire (CoEQ) | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Taste preference questionnaire scores. | Measured using Taste Preference questionnaire (PrefQuest). | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Dietary taste patterns. | Measured with the Taste food frequency questionnaire in frequency. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Dietary taste patterns. | Measured with the Taste food frequency questionnaire in % of energy coming from each taste cluster. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Dietary taste patterns. | Measured with the Taste food frequency questionnaire in % of food weight coming from each taste cluster. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Body weight. | Measured with a weighing scale in kg. | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Waist-to-hip ratio. | Measured using a stretch-resistant tape. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | % of body fat mass and lean body mass (fat free mass). | Measured with a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). | Measured at 0, 6 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Variation in interstitial glucose levels. | Measured with glucose monitoring sensor (only measured in a subgroup, of 60 subjects, 20 per intervention arm). | Measured at 0, 6 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Change in fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides levels in blood. | Measured in blood in mmol/L. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Adverse events. | Self-reported and monitored. | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Concentration of biomarkers in urine related to sugar, low and no calorie sweeteners, protein and salt intake. | Measured in urine in mg/d. | Measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Intake levels of foods, food groups and macronutrients. | Measured with 24-hour recalls, in kcal/day. | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Intake levels of foods, food groups and macronutrients. | Measured with 24-hour recalls, in kJ/day. | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 months. | |
Secondary | Intake levels of foods, food groups and macronutrients. | Measured with 24-hour recalls, in g/day. | Measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 months. |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Completed |
NCT03003923 -
Promoting Vegetable Intake in Preschool Aged Children
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03113474 -
Profiling the Endocannabinoid Response to Hedonic Eating
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT04662606 -
Neurofunctional Correlates of Intentional Actions Towards Food Stimuli
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06015490 -
The Impact of the Physiological Response to Sugar on Brain Activity and Behavior
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05652842 -
Assessing the Impact of Rotational and Shift Work on Sleep, Activity, Energy Balance, and Food Choice in Adults
|
||
Completed |
NCT05079477 -
Online Study of the Effects of Sugary Drink Warning Labels on Consumption
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05977348 -
Increasing Food Literacy in Preschoolers to Reduce Obesity Risk
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04544332 -
The GAIN Study: Understanding What Helps Children Learn to Like and Eat New Foods
|
||
Completed |
NCT03400566 -
Effects of Experiential Learning on Vegetable Intake in Preschool Children
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04262102 -
The Dastatuz Project
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05592340 -
Restaurant Menu Carbon Footprint Labeling
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT02005003 -
Cognitive and Metabolic Effects of a Probiotic Supplement
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05432271 -
Online Food and Beverage Labels and Vending Machine Selections
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04788836 -
How Altered Gut-Brain-Axis Influences Food Choices: Part 2 (BrainFood)
|
||
Completed |
NCT05175391 -
Improving Protein Intake in Older Adults
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06324630 -
Implementation of Innovative Food Prescription Programs in Older Adults
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT02931812 -
Feeding Behavior and Taste Sensitivity Before and After Liver or Renal Transplantation
|
||
Completed |
NCT02457234 -
Influence of Cultural Immersion on Willingness to Try Fruits and Vegetables Among Children in Guam: the Traditions Study
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT06432517 -
Sources and Mechanisms of Energy Compensation
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06377956 -
The Associations Between Gut Length, Gut Microbiota and Food Assimilation
|