Food Habits Clinical Trial
Official title:
Assessing the Presence of Casomorphins in Human Plasma After Dairy Ingestion
This purpose of this study is to perform a pilot investigation to determine if opioid peptides such as casomorphin can be detected in human plasma after cheese ingestion.
Cheese is one of the most commonly craved foods, suggesting the possibility of opiate
activity, as has been demonstrated with other craved foods, particularly chocolate. Like
other dairy products, cheese contains casein, which is the major protein in cow's milk. This
is unlike human milk, in which the primary protein is whey. Casein includes αs1-, αs2-, β- ,
and κ-casein, with αs1 and β forms predominating. Human and bovine casein molecules are
cleaved during digestion to release opioid peptides that are believed to have biological
properties relevant to infant physiology and behavior. Specifically, β-casein is cleaved to
form β-casomorphins. Like other opiate agonists, β-casomorphins prolong gastrointestinal
transit time and have an antidiarrheal effect.
Casomorphin receptor binding has been demonstrated in opiate receptor assays and bioassays.
Duodenal aspirates from human volunteers given cow's milk have demonstrated the presence of
several casomorphins, particularly β-casomorphin-7. Few studies have assessed the presence
or action of casomorphins in humans. The ability of casein-derived opioid peptides to pass
into the bloodstream is not well characterized, and is the subject of the present study.
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Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
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