Flexible Flatfoot Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Intrinsic Foot Muscles Training and Foot Orthosis on the Medial Longitudinal Arch in Flexible Flatfoot Subjects
Orthotic therapy or exercise therapy is the standard conservative treatment for flexible flat
foot. Little is known about the effectiveness of their interaction on managing flatfoot.
The study aims to evaluate the effect of insoles and short foot exercise on the height and
area of the medial longitudinal arch of flexible flatfoot participants as well as the force
and pressure.
Study design: A parallel, active-control study design was used to conduct a single-blinded
randomized controlled trial.
Method: The toe rising test, the "too many toes" sign, and the navicular drop test was used
to select 30 participants with flexible flatfoot. Participants was randomly assigned either
to an experimental group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The experimental group
received short foot exercises (SFE) and insoles, and the control group received only insoles.
SFE was implemented 30 times for a duration of three minutes each day over the course of six
weeks. The exercise progressed from sitting to standing and finally to one leg stance
position within every two weeks. The participants wore shoes containing orthotic insoles for
eight hours per day for six weeks. The EMED-x system was used to measure plantar pressure
distribution (force, area, and pressure) at baseline and at two-week intervals throughout the
six-week intervention. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) was used to evaluate
restriction in participants' functional abilities, and the navicular drop test (NDT) was used
to assess the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. Both variables were measured at baseline
and at the sixth week.
Statistics: Mixed-effects ANOVA was used to test for significant interactions between the two
groups across time and within-subject observations of the outcomes.
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