Effect of Conventional Exercise and Tai Chi Exercise on College Students

Exercise Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Conventional Exercise and Tai Chi Exercise in College Students With Internet Addiction: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05529368
• Other study ID #: XZhang
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: February 4, 2022
• Est. completion date: June 10, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: September 2022
• Source: Anhui Medical University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is an impulse-control disorder of Internet behavior in the absence of addictive substances. Exercise has been found to have significant advantages in improving the severity and depressive symptoms of IAD. The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of conventional exercise and tai chi in the treatment of Internet addiction and to observe the changes in each group. Subjects diagnosed with IAD were randomly assigned to the exercise group, the tai chi group, or the control group. The exercise group and tai chi group received conventional exercise and tai chi for 8 weeks. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14) were evaluated for all subjects at baseline and postintervention.

Description:

Over the past decade, with the rapid growth and popularity of the Internet, Internet addiction (IA) has increased. Nowadays, Internet addiction disorder (IAD) has become a significant social problem, especially among teenagers and young adults. IAD is an impulse-control disorder of Internet behavior in the absence of addictive substances, its typical symptoms are involved, including tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, large amounts of time spent online, interruption of social relations, and disorder of the biological clock.

Western scholars have developed interventions for Internet addiction based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Besides applying CBT treatment, Chinese psychologists also have developed trials to apply psychoanalytic group intervention, family therapy, sports exercise prescriptions, and Naikan therapy. Physical exercise (PE) interventions are known to facilitate cerebral blood and oxygen supply, enhance brain metabolism and neurotransmitter function and improve the balance of the nervous system, which in turn helps improve physical and mental adaptability. Active physical exercise is helpful to improve the symptoms of Internet addiction. Tai chi is a mind-body exercise that originated in China. It is a form of physical and mental training combining Chinese martial arts and meditative movements involving a series of slowly performed, continuous, and rhythmic movements that put a minimal impact on the joints of the body. This study aimed to validate the use of tai chi as an alternative approach to Internet addiction and compare the effectiveness of tai chi with conventional exercise. With both primary and secondary outcome measures, the effects of tai chi and exercise on Internet addiction can be more comprehensively analyzed, which will provide a basis for its future establishment as a non-pharmacological method for the treatment of Internet addiction.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 93
• Est. completion date: June 10, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: June 3, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 22 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. participants were diagnosed with IAD according to the Internet Addiction Test;

2. the physical activity level of participants was low;

3. participants had no history of medication or psychotherapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. participants had a history of severe mental illness;

2. participants had a history of drug addiction;

3. participants regularly practiced moderate-intensity exercise.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Behavior, Addictive
• Exercise
• Internet Addiction
• Randomized Clinical Trial
• Tai Chi

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Conventional Exercise and Tai Chi Exercise interventions
Subjects diagnosed with IAD were randomly assigned to the exercise group, the tai chi group, or the control group. The exercise group and tai chi group received conventional exercise and tai chi for 8 weeks.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Anhui Medical University	Hefei	Anhui

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Xueqing Zhang

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (10)

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Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213. — View Citation

Chan AWK, Chair SY, Lee DTF, Leung DYP, Sit JWH, Cheng HY, Taylor-Piliae RE. Tai Chi exercise is more effective than brisk walking in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults with hypertension: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018 Dec;88:44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.009. Epub 2018 Aug 24. — View Citation

Easwaran K, Gopalasingam Y, Green DD, Lach V, Melnyk JA, Wan C, Bartlett DJ. Effectiveness of Tai Chi for health promotion for adults with health conditions: a scoping review of Meta-analyses. Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Oct;43(21):2978-2989. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1725916. Epub 2020 Feb 18. Review. — View Citation

He M, Yang S, Miao Y, Zhang W, Zhu D, Xu D. Four-week Tai Chi intervention decreases attention bias to drug cues in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2021 Sep 3;47(5):638-648. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1950745. Epub 2021 Jul 30. — View Citation

Li S, Wu Q, Tang C, Chen Z, Liu L. Exercise-Based Interventions for Internet Addiction: Neurobiological and Neuropsychological Evidence. Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 25;11:1296. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01296. eCollection 2020. Review. — View Citation

Li YY, Sun Y, Meng SQ, Bao YP, Cheng JL, Chang XW, Ran MS, Sun YK, Kosten T, Strang J, Lu L, Shi J. Internet Addiction Increases in the General Population During COVID-19: Evidence From China. Am J Addict. 2021 Jul;30(4):389-397. doi: 10.1111/ajad.13156. Epub 2021 Mar 19. — View Citation

Young KS. Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2007 Oct;10(5):671-9. — View Citation

Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics. 1971 Nov-Dec;12(6):371-9. — View Citation

ZUNG WW. A SELF-RATING DEPRESSION SCALE. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965 Jan;12:63-70. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Internet Addiction Test (IAT)	The IAT is composed of 20 items with a 5-point scale (1 = "very rarely", 5 = "very frequently"). IAT scores range from 20 to 100, with higher scores indicating higher levels of IA. Scores over 50 indicated a tendency of IA.	2 months
Secondary	Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)	The PSQI version used in the current study was a 19-item self-report retrospective questionnaire of the past 7 days designed to measure 7 domains called component scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medications, and daytime dysfunction. Component scores range from 0 (no difficulty) to 3 (severe difficulty). PSQI scores range from 0 to 21. Scores over 7 indicated a tendency for a sleep disorder.	2 months
Secondary	Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)	The SDS is composed of 20 items with a 4-point scale (1 = "none or a little of the time", 4 = "most or all of the time"). A standardized scoring algorithm is used to define symptoms of depression, with a total score range of 20-80. The final index score was converted by multiplying the raw score by 1.25 and then rounding off decimal places. The severity of depression was categorized according to the index score: nil depression (index score < 50), mild depression (index score 50-59), moderate depression (index score 60-69), and severe depression (index score=70).	2 months
Secondary	Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)	The SAS is composed of 20 items with a 4-point scale (1 = "none or a little of the time", 4 = "most or all of the time"). A standardized scoring algorithm is used to define symptoms of anxiety, with a total score range of 20-80. The final index score was converted by multiplying the raw score by 1.25 and then rounding off decimal places. The severity of anxiety was categorized according to the index score: nil anxiety (index score < 50), mild anxiety (index score 50-59), moderate anxiety (index score 60-69), and severe anxiety (index score=70).	2 months
Secondary	Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14)	The FS-14 consists of 14 items, each of which is a fatigue-related question. The maximum total score is 14, and the higher the score, the more severe the fatigue.	2 months