The Role of Agency and Threat-Immediacy in Interactive Digital Narrative Fear Appeals

Excessive Drinking Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Role of Agency and Threat-Immediacy in Interactive Digital Narrative Fear Appeals for the Prevention of Excessive Alcohol Use: Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05321238
• Other study ID #: 2020.141
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 26, 2020
• Est. completion date: December 18, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: April 2022
• Source: Tilburg University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Aims: The first aim of the study was to assess the effect of agency, i.e. the perception of making meaningful decisions, in an interactive digital narrative fear appeal on self-efficacy beliefs concerning the ability to reduce alcohol intake among college students. Second, we assessed whether the communicated timeframe (short-term / long-term) of the threat presented in the narrative moderates the effect of agency on self-efficacy. Lastly, to validate the effect of the intervention on behavioural outcomes we assesed whether self-efficacy has an effect on behavioural intention measures. The study was a 2 (agency: low / high) x 2 (time-frame: immediate / distant) between-subjects online experiment.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 178
• Est. completion date: December 18, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: December 18, 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• above 18 years of age
• 480 seconds survey completion time
• both attention checks relating to narrative content passed
• correctly identified their experimental condition in the manipulation check
• did not choose to 'drink an alcoholic drink' for all decisions in the interactive narrative
• did not show signs of alcohol abuse

Exclusion Criteria:

• under the age of 18
• completed the questionnaire in an unreasonably short amount of time
• they failed one of the two attention checks
• failed the manipulation check asking them to recall whether they were presented with short- or long-term (high / low immediacy) consequences of excessive drinking
• chose an alcoholic drink for all decision points
• showed signs of alcohol dependence as measured above 15 on the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Excessive Drinking

Intervention

Other:
• High agency and immediate threat
Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.
• High agency and distant threat
Participants were asked to make several decisions for the main character in the interactive digital narrative that related to drinking / turning down alcoholic drinks.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.
• Low agency and immediate threat
Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from acute alcohol poisoning after ingesting too much alcohol in a short period of time.
• Low agency and distant threat
Participants were asked to read a narrative in which the main character turns down alcoholic drinks at a party. The participants can not influence the decisions of the main character and only consume the narrative passively.The decisions made lead to a ending consistent with the decisions of the participant. In the story presented, a character dies from multiple organ failure after ingesting too much alcohol over a long period of time.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Netherlands	Tilburg University	Tilburg	Noord Brabant

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Tilburg University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Netherlands, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Perceived Agency	Five items Items were measured on 7-point Likert scales from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'. For example, 'I felt that the actions I took were meaningful within the context of the story'.	During the lab session
Other	Fear	Six items were scored on 7-point Likert scales from 'Not at all' to 'Very much'. The items ask participants about the intensity of affective response towards the message, for example, 'How much did this message make you feel frightened?'.	During the lab session
Other	Perceived Severity, Susceptability and Response-Efficacy	Severity, susceptibility and response-efficacy items were measured with three items each on 7-point Likert scales from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'.	During the lab session
Other	Symptoms of Alcohol Abuse	We measured the consequences of alcohol related behavior indicating dependence. One example of an item is 'My drinking has gotten me into sexual situations I later regretted.'. The brief young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire (BYAACQ) consists of 24 statements that are scored with binary yes / no answers. A score above 15 positive answers indicates alcohol dependence. The scale was developed by (Kahler et al., 2008).	During the lab session
Other	Drinking Frequency	Frequency was measured by asking participants how often they 'drink alcohol in excess' and was measured on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 'Never' to 'Very Frequently'.	During the lab session
Other	Perceived Control	Perceived control was measured by two items asking participants whether or not they can 'control' and 'stop' drinking alcohol whenever they want. These two items were measured on 7-point Likert scales ranging from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'.	During the lab session
Other	Behavioural inhibition	The items to measures disinhibition were taken over unchanged from the scale by Lee & Shinn (2011), but altered from 9-point to 7-point Likert scales ranging from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'.	During the lab session
Primary	Perceived self-efficacy	Three items answered on 7-point Likert scales (ranging from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'): I am able to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts.; It is easy for me to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts.; I can limit my alcohol intake to low amounts.	During the lab session
Primary	Behavioural intention	Four items answered on 7-point Likert scales (ranging from 'Strongly Disagree' to 'Strongly Agree'): I intend to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts.; I intend to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts on special occasions.; I intend to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts when being with friends.; I intend to limit my alcohol intake to low amounts when I am by myself.	During the lab session