Clinical Trial Summary
Infectious endocarditis (IE) is the localization and proliferation of blood-borne germs in
the endocardium. It remains a complicated disease to manage due to its low incidence,
diagnostic difficulties, the change in epidemiology in recent decades and high mortality
rates. The annual incidence is estimated at 3-10 cases per 100,000 people.
The epidemiology of AR has changed significantly in recent years due to new risk factors.
Indeed, the frequency of rheumatic heart disease, which was the first predisposing factor,
decreased markedly in the industrialized countries, replaced by new predisposing factors: the
presence of valvular prostheses or intracardiac materials (the risk of AR is multiplied by 50
Compared with the general population), hemodialysis, nosocomial infections,
immunosuppression, increased use of injectable treatments and, above all, an aging population
with an increase in degenerative diseases such as aortic stenosis and l Mitral insufficiency.
The diagnosis of IA is based on DUKE criteria. But the clinical presentation is sometimes
atypical especially in case of infection on prosthesis where the diagnosis is based mainly on
the results of the blood cultures and the ultrasound data.
The lesions visualized in ultrasound are: vegetations, abscesses, pseudo-aneurysms and
fistulas constituting the degenerated abscess evolution, the perforation of the cusps of the
native valve or the bioprosthesis giving rise to a jet of Eccentric regurgitation.
The evolution of endocarditis and its prognosis vary according to many factors: the type of
germ responsible, the precocity of the diagnosis, the existence of a complication, the site
of occurrence. These complications of endocarditis are frequent, sometimes revealing. EI is
complicated by heart failure, atrioventricular conduction disorders, peri-vascular abscesses,
embolic, neurological, renal and septic complications. Despite improvements in diagnosis and
therapeutic methods, diagnosis is sometimes difficult, management remains very complicated
and morbidity and mortality remain high. Studies are still needed to study the prognosis and
to determine the predictive factors for hospital mortality and long-term mortality.
