Influence of Electrode Positioning and Current Type on Fatigue, Force and Discomfort

Electrical Stimulation Clinical Trial

Official title:

Influence of Electrode Positioning and Current Type on Muscle Fatigability, Force Generation, Perceived Discomfort and Neuromuscular Adaptations Induced by Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation: Implications on Rehabilitation

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04200677
• Other study ID #: CAAE: 14734619.3.0000.8093
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 10, 2020
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: May 2023
• Source: University of Brasilia
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Introduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has the purpose of generating muscle contractions to minimize muscular atrophy and to improve neuromuscular performance. NMES has been performed using monophasic or biphasic currents, applied over a nerve trunk or muscle belly, and both can generate contractions by the peripheral and central nervous system. Pulse width (wide or narrow) is an essential parameter for NMES. Although NMES studies using wide pulses have been performed with monophasic currents, it is known that this current induces discomfort during NMES. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze if biphasic currents have the same effect as monophasic currents using the same parameters. Objectives: To compare the effects of NMES with narrow and wide pulse widths associated with monophasic and biphasic currents, applied over a tibial nerve and triceps surae muscles in healthy individuals in terms of muscle fatigue, central and peripheral contribution, voluntary and evoked force and sensory discomfort. Methods: A crossover, experimental controlled and randomized study will be developed with healthy male and female (age: 18-45 years). The following dependent variables will be: amplitude of H-reflex and M-wave (single and double pulses), voluntary and evoked triceps surae muscles torque, fatigability (force time integral), perceived discomfort and neuromuscular adaptations. The independent variables will be related to current phase, pulse width and location of electrical stimulation electrodes. There will be a familiarization session followed by 9 sessions with 7 rest days between them (10 weeks). Data will be reported as mean and standard deviation (± SD). Parametric tests will be used for the normally distributed data (Shapiro-Wilk test) that show homogeneous variations (Levene test). A repeated measure mixed-model ANOVA will be performed and, in the case of major effects or significant interactions, the Tukey post-hoc test will be applied. In addition, the power and size of the effect (reported as partial eta square, partial η2) will be calculated. The significance threshold will be set at p <0.05 for all procedures. Expected results: Biphasic currents will be more comfortable and will generate less muscle fatigue when compared to monophasic currents. There will be less fatigue and greater central contribution when wider pulse currents will be applied over a nerve trunk concerning the application with a wide pulse over a muscle belly.

Description:

This is a randomized controlled trial, a crossover study, with healthy male and female participants. The procedures will take place in 10 distinct visits for a 7-day interval. The following visit in the lab will be: - Familiarization session. - Monophasic Current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with pulse width 0.5ms applied to the Tibial Nerve; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 2ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve; - Monophasic (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with pulse width 0.5ms applied to the Triceps Surae muscle Belly; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly; - Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 2ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly; - Biphasic current (25 Hz) with 0.5ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly. The dependent variables will be: - Muscle fatigability; - Central and peripheral contribution (with H-reflex and M-wave amplitude analysis); - Maximum voluntary isometric contraction; - Force production for plantar flexion evoked by NMES; - Perceived discomfort.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: May 1, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 45 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Classified as physically active according to the INTERNATIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY;
• To practice only recreational physical activity;
• Be at least 3 months without practicing strength training.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Present some type of skeletal muscle dysfunction that may interfere with the tests;
• NMES intolerance in the triceps surae muscle belly or tibial nerve;
• Use of analgesics, antidepressants, tranquilizers or other centrally acting agents;
• Cardiovascular or peripheral vascular problems, chronic diseases, neurological or muscular disorders that may hinder the complete execution of the study design by the volunteer.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Electrical Stimulation

Intervention

Other:
• Monophasic Current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following NMES parameters: (Monophasic Current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 1 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with pulse width 0.5ms applied to the Tibial Nerve
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 0.5 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 1 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 2ms pulse width applied to the Tibial Nerve
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 2 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Monophasic current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Monophasic current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 1 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with pulse width 0.5ms applied to the Triceps Surae muscle Belly
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current, 100 Hz, pulse duration 0.5 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 1ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current , 100 Hz, pulse duration 1 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (100 Hz) with 2ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current , 100 Hz, pulse duration 2 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)
• Biphasic current (25 Hz) with 0.5ms pulse width applied to the Triceps Surae Muscle Belly
The participants will perform 36 contractions evoked by neuromuscular electrical stimulation with the following current parameters: (Biphasic current, 25 Hz, pulse duration 0.5 ms, Ton: 6 s, Toff: 18 s)

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Brazil	Faculty of Physical Education	Brasília	DF
Brazil	University of Brasília	Brasília	DF

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Brasilia

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Brazil, 

References & Publications (20)

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Alexandre F, Derosiere G, Papaiordanidou M, Billot M, Varray A. Cortical motor output decreases after neuromuscular fatigue induced by electrical stimulation of the plantar flexor muscles. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2015 May;214(1):124-34. doi: 10.1111/apha.12478. Epub 2015 Mar 18. — View Citation

Bergquist AJ, Clair JM, Collins DF. Motor unit recruitment when neuromuscular electrical stimulation is applied over a nerve trunk compared with a muscle belly: triceps surae. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Mar;110(3):627-37. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01103.2010. Epub 2010 Dec 23. — View Citation

Boerio D, Jubeau M, Zory R, Maffiuletti NA. Central and peripheral fatigue after electrostimulation-induced resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Jun;37(6):973-8. — View Citation

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Foure A, Nosaka K, Wegrzyk J, Duhamel G, Le Troter A, Boudinet H, Mattei JP, Vilmen C, Jubeau M, Bendahan D, Gondin J. Time course of central and peripheral alterations after isometric neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced muscle damage. PLoS One. 2014 Sep 12;9(9):e107298. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107298. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Hwang IS, Huang CY, Wu PS, Chen YC, Wang CH. Assessment of H reflex sensitivity with M wave alternation consequent to fatiguing contractions. Int J Neurosci. 2008 Sep;118(9):1317-30. doi: 10.1080/00207450802055606. — View Citation

Jubeau M, Zory R, Gondin J, Martin A, Maffiuletti NA. Effect of electrostimulation training-detraining on neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Aug 31;424(1):41-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.018. Epub 2007 Aug 1. — View Citation

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Martin A, Grospretre S, Vilmen C, Guye M, Mattei JP, LE Fur Y, Bendahan D, Gondin J. The Etiology of Muscle Fatigue Differs between Two Electrical Stimulation Protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Aug;48(8):1474-84. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000930. — View Citation

Neyroud D, Dodd D, Gondin J, Maffiuletti NA, Kayser B, Place N. Wide-pulse-high-frequency neuromuscular stimulation of triceps surae induces greater muscle fatigue compared with conventional stimulation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 May 15;116(10):1281-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01015.2013. Epub 2014 Mar 27. — View Citation

Regina Dias Da Silva S, Neyroud D, Maffiuletti NA, Gondin J, Place N. Twitch potentiation induced by two different modalities of neuromuscular electrical stimulation: implications for motor unit recruitment. Muscle Nerve. 2015 Mar;51(3):412-8. doi: 10.1002/mus.24315. Epub 2015 Jan 5. — View Citation

Selkowitz DM, Rossman EG, Fitzpatrick S. Effect of burst-modulated alternating current carrier frequency on current amplitude required to produce maximally tolerated electrically stimulated quadriceps femoris knee extension torque. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Dec;88(12):973-8. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c1eda5. — View Citation

Ward AR, Lucas-Toumbourou S, McCarthy B. A comparison of the analgesic efficacy of medium-frequency alternating current and TENS. Physiotherapy. 2009 Dec;95(4):280-8. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2009.06.005. Epub 2009 Sep 2. — View Citation

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Wegrzyk J, Foure A, Le Fur Y, Maffiuletti NA, Vilmen C, Guye M, Mattei JP, Place N, Bendahan D, Gondin J. Responders to Wide-Pulse, High-Frequency Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Show Reduced Metabolic Demand: A 31P-MRS Study in Humans. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 30;10(11):e0143972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143972. eCollection 2015. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Muscle Fatigue	Muscle Fatigue will be assessed by Force time integral (area under the force trace), after neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocol.	Change from baseline to the end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).
Primary	Muscle Force	Muscle force will be assessed by muscle force changes, based on the torque generated pre and post neuromuscular electrical stimulation protocol.	Change from baseline to the end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).
Primary	Change from Baseline Central contribution (H reflex amplitude) after 15 minutes session of NMES	Central contribution will be measured before and after 15 minutes (36 contractions) of electrical stimulation in the session.	Change from baseline to the end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).
Primary	Change from Baseline Peripheral contribution (M wave amplitude) after 15 minutes session of NMES	Peripheral contribution will be measured before and after acute session 15 minutes (36 contractions) of electrical stimulation in the session.	Change from baseline to the end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).
Primary	Change from Baseline Evoked Torque after 15 minutes session of electrical stimulation	Evoked Torque will be measured before and after acute session 15 minutes (36 contractions) of electrical stimulation in the session.	Change from baseline to the end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).
Primary	Discomfort	Discomfort sensory will be evaluated by Visual Analogic Scale during and after the evoked torque measurement with NMES. The Visual Analogic Scale assess pain by rating the subjective perceived discomfort of the subject from 0 (no perceived discomfort) to 10 (the most perceived discomfort)	At the beginning, middle and end of thirty-six contractions evoked by electrical stimulation (1 per week, total of 9 sessions). This outcome will be measured up to 9 weeks. Data will be reported through study completion (4 years).