Drowning Clinical Trial
Official title:
Drowning in Denmark: A Danish Nationwide Six-year Registry-based Study on Aetiology, Incidence, Survival, and Spatial Distribution of Fatal and Non-fatal Drowning Incidents
Verified date | March 2024 |
Source | Prehospital Center, Region Zealand |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Observational |
Within a six-year period from 2016-2021, this retrospective cohort study aims to report: 1) the national incidence of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents attended by the Danish Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 2) Risk factors associated with 30-day mortality, 3) Spatial distribution drowning incidents presented on a map of Denmark stratified for 30-day survival. Furthermore, the investigators will follow the Utstein Style For Drowning (USFD) recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 1204 |
Est. completion date | January 31, 2022 |
Est. primary completion date | January 31, 2022 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | N/A and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion criteria: - The patient must have been experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion or immersion in liquid AND - The patient must have been in contact with the Danish EMS. Exclusion criteria: - Patients were excluded if it was unclear that the incident involved submersion or immersion with aspiration of liquid (e.g., a patient found dead in the bathtub). - Patients were excluded if the incident involved submersion or immersion with aspiration, but the patient did not experience respiratory impairment. For example, if the patient was rescued from the water without signs of respiratory impairment, or if the respondent reported "a few coughs" or "voluntary cough". |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Prehospital Center | Næstved | Region Zealand |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Prehospital Center, Region Zealand |
Denmark,
Idris AH, Berg RA, Bierens J, Bossaert L, Branche CM, Gabrielli A, Graves SA, Handley AJ, Hoelle R, Morley PT, Papa L, Pepe PE, Quan L, Szpilman D, Wigginton JG, Modell JH; American Heart Association. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning: the "Utstein style". Circulation. 2003 Nov 18;108(20):2565-74. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099581.70012.68. No abstract available. — View Citation
Lu TH, Lunetta P, Walker S. Quality of cause-of-death reporting using ICD-10 drowning codes: a descriptive study of 69 countries. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010 Apr 8;10:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-30. — View Citation
Mackie IJ. Patterns of drowning in Australia, 1992-1997. Med J Aust. 1999 Dec 6-20;171(11-12):587-90. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123808.x. — View Citation
Papa L, Hoelle R, Idris A. Systematic review of definitions for drowning incidents. Resuscitation. 2005 Jun;65(3):255-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.11.030. — View Citation
Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Davison MS, Zeigler RJ, McAlister SJ. The use of non-uniform drowning terminology: a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017 Jul 17;25(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13049-017-0405-x. — View Citation
Steensberg J. Epidemiology of accidental drowning in Denmark 1989-1993. Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Nov;30(6):755-62. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00028-1. — View Citation
Truhlar A, Deakin CD, Soar J, Khalifa GE, Alfonzo A, Bierens JJ, Brattebo G, Brugger H, Dunning J, Hunyadi-Anticevic S, Koster RW, Lockey DJ, Lott C, Paal P, Perkins GD, Sandroni C, Thies KC, Zideman DA, Nolan JP; Cardiac arrest in special circumstances section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:148-201. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.017. Epub 2015 Oct 15. No abstract available. — View Citation
Venema AM, Groothoff JW, Bierens JJ. The role of bystanders during rescue and resuscitation of drowning victims. Resuscitation. 2010 Apr;81(4):434-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Feb 10. — View Citation
Weiss J; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul;126(1):e253-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1265. Epub 2010 May 24. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Fatal and non-fatal annual incidence from 2016-2021 | The primary objective is to estimate the annual incidence of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark treated by the EMS from 2016 to 2021 and will be reported as the annual number of cases. | Counts of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents will be obtained between 2016-2021. | |
Primary | Fatal vs. non-fatal incidence ratios per 1,000 person-years from 2016-2021 | The primary objective is to estimate the annual incidence of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark treated by the EMS from 2016 to 2021 and will be reported as the annual number of cases per 1,000 person-years. | Counts of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents will be obtained between 2016-2021. | |
Secondary | Map of fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents in Denmark from 2016-2021 | Showing a map of geographical localization of drowning in Denmark in the study period indicating 30-day mortality and survival | 6-year period from 2016-2021. | |
Secondary | Association between risk factors and 30-day mortality | This outcome will explore potential risk factors associated with 30-day mortality after a drowning incident. The following risk factors will be analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression and presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs): lack of supervision, prolonged submersion time, alcohol or substance use, male sex, age, and drowning location. | 6-year period from 2016-2021. |
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