Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Clinical Trial
Official title:
Observational Study for Evaluating the Potential of Diet and Food Components as Disease Modifiers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (JERN_ALS)
The proposed observational trial will collect substantial data concerning dietary intake documented by ALS patients complemented by the analysis of fatty acid distribution in erythrocyte lipids. Both data sets are related to disease status and progress.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a currently incurable, multifactorial motor neuron
disease characterized by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, skeletal muscle atrophy,
paralysis, and death. Multiple mechanisms caused by genetic and environmental factors
proposed as responsible for ALS pathogenesis include decreased availability to neurotrophic
factors, disturbances in calcium metabolism, increased neuroinflammatory status, cytoskeletal
changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysfunction of protein degradation, glutamate
excitotoxicity, apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Currently, the only available drug to treat ALS is riluzole which slightly prolongs life.
Nutritional management has become more important in the treatment of ALS because body mass
index and nutritional status seems to be independent, prognostic factors for survival and
disease complications. Malnutrition is common in ALS, so caloric supplementation is
essential. Additionally, many ALS patients self-medicate with vitamins, herbs, and other
dietary supplements.
The objective of the current project is establishing the link between nutritional intake and
disease status and progress. In detail, we like to assess if the improved outcomes are
associated with specific nutrients, or simply the provision of excess calories. In this
context, one of the most promising dietary candidates are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)
and in particular the long-chain n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid. This important structural
component in neuronal membranes plays a role in neurogenesis and neuroprotection as well as
exerts well-described anti-inflammatory effects in the brain.
The proposed observational trial will collect substantial data concerning dietary intake
documented by ALS patients (Food Frequency Protocols, FFPs, periodic over 5 days) combined
with the analysis of fatty acid distribution in erythrocyte lipids which reflects fatty acid
distribution of the consumed fatty or oily foods (time period: approximately the last 2-3
months).
The fatty aids distribution in erythrocyte lipids as well as the nutrient intake calculated
by FFPs are related to disease status and progress.
Thus, the current research activities focus on identification of dietary factors that are
associated with disease progress or survival to develop beneficial interventions and therapy
options.
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