View clinical trials related to Diarrhoea.
Filter by:A point-of-care laboratory (POC) was set at North Hospital, Marseille, France for the diagnosis in less than two hours of diarrhoea caused by known pathogens, close to the reception of Emergency service. In this instance 30% of patients have no etiological diagnosis after the POC diarrhoea tests . This lab has discovered over 200 new species of bacteria in humans, including vector bacteria and opened the field of large Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA ) viruses. Also, the laboratory of emerging viruses discovered many Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) viruses transmitted by arthropods. Based on this collection of new pathogens described in POC laboratory, this study proposes to expand the etiological diagnosis strategy of diarrhoea after POC tests.
The Maternal Neonatal and Child health indicators in District Dadu of Pakistan portrays a dismal pictures and after the floods of 2010-2011 the health infrastructure of this district was badly affected. Aga Khan University Pakistan is intending to implement a service delivery project for the improvement of Maternal Neonatal and Child health situation through evidence based MNCH interventions.
Inpatient treatment for complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) continues to have a high mortality in Africa. This is partly because children are commonly brought for admission because they are seriously ill, rather than being brought to hospital because of malnutrition alone. Mortality rates are especially high where SAM is complicated by HIV or TB. The early phase of inpatient nutritional treatment for severe acute malnutrition is based on a low-protein milk known as F75, which is given to improve metabolic homeostasis prior to the re-feeding to achieve catch-up growth. F75 provides a high proportion of energy from carbohydrates, including sucrose, lactose and maltodextrin. However, malabsorption of different types of carbohydrates, but lactose in particular, is known to occur in SAM and may lead to osmotic diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is common in children with SAM and is associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, switching from a catabolic state to a high energy diet that consists of predominantly carbohydrates can lead to 're-feeding syndrome' that may lead to severe electrolyte abnormalities and multiple organ dysfunction. The aim of this trial is to determine whether reducing the carbohydrate content of F75, and removing lactose, improves the stabilisation of severely malnourished children. The trial will involve randomising children who are eligible to receive F75 milk to either the current formulation or a revised formulation. Both formulations will be given according to current recommendations regarding frequency of feeding and caloric value. Since the purpose of F75 is to stabilise the child metabolically and biochemically, the primary endpoint of the trial will be time to stabilisation (the end of the first phase of treatment for severe acute malnutrition). Blood and stool samples at admission and after three days will be used to determine the effects on carbohydrate and fat malabsorption and evidence of the re-feeding syndrome. Children will be followed up until discharge from hospital. The project has been planned in consultation with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and, if the revised formulation of F75 results in improved outcomes, will lead to a global change in recommendations for its formulation.
This study will assess how the current VHV (VHV=CHW, community health worker) scope can be expanded to include iCCM and if such group interventions can provide improved access to treatment for children. In rural SW Uganda, can iCCM provided by lay volunteers, increase the proportion of children with diarrhoea receiving ORS/Zn, ARI receiving anti-biotics, and fever/malaria receiving anti-malarials?
The aim of the inSCALE project is to test the effect of innovative approaches to increase coverage of integrated community case management, which provides community based-care for diarrhoea, pneumonia and malaria, resulting in more children receiving timely and appropriate care for these three most common childhood illnesses
Diosmectite in IQP-MM-101 has been used for diarrhoea control. Backed by data from several studies demonstrating their efficacy, the investigators are conducting this study to look into the efficacy and safety of IQP-MM-101 in diarrhoea control.
Zambia recently introduced routine infant immunization against rotavirus - the most important cause of severe gastroenteritis and diarrhoea mortality in children. Although vaccines like Rotarix are a cost effective tool against infectious diseases, live oral vaccines can be less immunogenic and efficacious in developing world settings as compared with industrialized countries. Reasons behind this phenomenon are not well understood, but may relate to continued maternal antigen exposure and high level maternal immunity that is passed to the foetus/newborn transplacentally and/or through breast milk. Therefore, three arising hypotheses include: (i) high-level rotavirus-specific maternal immunity (in the form of anti-rotavirus breast-milk immunoglobulin A (IgA) and transplacental serum IgG) is a major contributor to failed seroconversion following infant vaccination. (ii) Malnutrition negatively impacts infant immunity and increases the risk of post-vaccination rotavirus gastroenteritis. (iii) Introduction of rotavirus vaccine will alter the molecular epidemiology of circulating rotavirus strains detected in vaccinated children presenting with severe diarrhea. To address these hypotheses, the proposed study will recruit a prospective cohort of 420 mother-infant pairs. These will be enrolled at the time of vaccination and followed for up to four years. Baseline immunological status will be ascertained and seroconversion rates determined a month after full immunization. Incident rotavirus gastroenteritis will be monitored in the vaccinated infants whenever episodes of diarrhoea occur; through this surveillance, the sero-strains of rotaviruses causing disease will be tracked over the four year period. Contributions of HIV infection both in mothers and infants, vitamin A and zinc deficiency, weight for age Z-scores as well as mid upper arm circumference will also be assessed. Knowledge gained from this study will inform future interventional trials on strategies to improve rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in the developing world.
Following surgery some patients are unable to swallow. For those requiring nutritional support a tube is sometimes passed through the nose into the stomach to provide feeding. Traditionally this type of feeding is given slowly over the course of the day. However, it is thought that this mode of feeding might increase the amount of fluid entering the bowel contributing to symptoms of diarrhoea. An alternative strategy of feeding, given in larger volumes in a shorter space of time resembles normal feeding patterns and may reduce the amount of water entering the bowel. In this study we want to use a non invasive medical imaging technique called "magnetic resonance imaging" (or MRI) to look at the volume of bowel water following these two feeding strategies in 12 healthy volunteers. Each volunteer will have a tube inserted into the stomach via the nose and undergo the two feeding strategies at least 7 days apart. We will take repeated images using the MRI scanner to assess the bowel response and some samples of blood are required for analysis of blood sugar.
A cluster-randomised trial will be undertaken in Burkina Faso to investigate whether a comprehensive mass media campaign using local radio stations can change behaviours on a scale large enough to result in measurable and sustainable reductions in under-five child mortality. It is hypothesised that as a result of the scale and multi-pronged nature of the campaign, reductions of between 10% and 20% in child mortality will be achieved.
In low-income settings in developing countries unsafe water is one of the leading causes of high prevalence of waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea.Zinc is an essential trace element that has a critical role in growth and immunity. Supplementation with zinc is considered effective in reducing morbidity from diarrhoeal and other infectious diseases. Verstergaard Frandsen S.A. (Switzerland) has developed a point-of-use water filtration system called LifeStraw®Family (LSF) that removes water's turbidity, reduces the microbiological contamination and enriches water with zinc at a concentration of 3.5 mg/L. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of LSF to increase the zinc status (serum zinc concentration) and intake in Kenyan children aged 2-5years with zinc deficiency.The study hypotheses are: A. Use of the LSF device will reduce microbiological contamination of the household supply of drinking and cooking water; B. Use of the LSF device will increase zinc intakes in preschool children; C. Use of the LSF device will increase serum zinc concentration in preschool children; D. Achieving A, B and C will improve growth in preschool children; E. Achieving A, B and C will reduce the frequency and duration of diarrheal disease in preschool children and in members of the participating households.