Lung Diseases Clinical Trial
Official title:
Study of the Long-term Outcomes of Nitric Oxide for Ventilated Premature Babies
The purpose of this study is to look at the long term consequences of prematurity in infants treated with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) while in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Prematurity-associated respiratory failure is a growing public health problem. Although
mortality has dropped with advances in perinatal care, this condition consumes considerable
healthcare resources and is increasingly associated with worrisome long-term morbidity,
developmental delay, and family burden. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), a selective pulmonary
vasodilator that improves short-term outcomes in term neonates with respiratory failure, may
benefit premature infants. Consequently, a NHLBI-funded randomized controlled trial (iNO
RCT- NHLBI U01 HL064857) is assessing the effect of iNO on the combined end-point of
mortality or oxygen dependency at 36 weeks post conceptional age in 800 infants with
prematurity-associated respiratory failure.
However, prematurity-associated respiratory failure has a different etiology from
respiratory failure in term infants and the wide array of long-term consequences that may be
affected by iNO are not captured under the existing study design.
We therefore are extending and enhance the follow-up of the NHLBI iNO RCT. Specifically, we
are assessing the effects of INO use on: #1. - long-term clinical and childhood
developmental outcomes; #2. - family burden, and; #3. - healthcare costs of
prematurity-associated respiratory failure. Under aim #4, we will use data from aims #1-3 to
assess the cost-effectiveness of iNO in ventilated premature infants.
We are achieving these aims by augmenting the NHLBI iNO RCT data collection with: i.)
survival follow-up for an average of 4 1/2 years; ii.) comprehensive, standardized follow-up
clinic visits at 1, 2, 3 and 4 1/2 years to assess clinical outcomes, childhood development,
and family burden; iii.) structured telephone interviews with parents every 3 months in year
1 and every 6 months thereafter for an average of 4½ years to assess chronic morbidity and
post-discharge healthcare use; iv.) collection of detailed hospital bills for the primary
hospitalization, and; v.) a comprehensive analysis plan.
This study will allow us to determine the long-term consequences of iNO therapy in this
condition, aiding clinicians, families, and policymakers and immediately affecting care of
critically ill infants. By combining with the NHLBI iNO RCT, we take advantage of an
important opportunity to gather prospective long-term outcome data in a randomized fashion.
Our proposal will significantly increase the return on investment in the RCT through a
greater understanding of the impact of iNO therapy from a societal perspective. Neonatal
intensive care has changed dramatically in the last ten years. This study will also provide
contemporary information on the long-term outcomes of prematurity-associated respiratory
failure following modern management. Finally, our data will allow assessment of the
robustness of early proxies for subsequent outcomes, key for future study design in this
area.
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Time Perspective: Prospective
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