View clinical trials related to Criminal Behavior.
Filter by:Youth with substance use disorder (SUD) and socially disruptive behaviour (such as criminality) who are placed in compulsory institutional care are at high risk of continuing a destructive lifestyle into adulthood. There is a pressing need for effective treatment for this group, yet studies are scarce. The empirically supported SUD treatment Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach, A-CRA, promotes long-term abstinence, increases social stability and decreases co-morbid psychiatric problems for youth ages 12-25. A-CRA is proven to be one of the most effective SUD treatments for youth but has only been evaluated in outpatient care. Given A-CRA's promising results for youth in vulnerable living situations, it is a reasonable treatment to adjust and evaluate in compulsory care. The main objectives are to evaluate the effectiveness of A-CRA, the short- and long-term effects on social-, emotional- and problem behavior and substance use, for youth placed in compulsory institutional care.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Justice-Involved Veterans (DBT-J) is a comprehensive, integrative program distinctively designed to address the range of mental health, substance use, case management, and legal needs of Veterans with current or ongoing criminal justice involvement. Data from two prior clinical trials attest to the program's feasibility and acceptability and preliminarily suggest participation in the program may yield meaningful improvements in risk for criminal behavior and resolution of high-priority case management needs. However, continued research is needed to further investigate the program's efficacy. This Phase III clinical trial aims to investigate the superiority of DBT-J over a supportive group therapy treatment in decreasing risk of future criminal behavior and increasing psychosocial functioning. Secondary and exploratory aims will also investigate superiority of DBT-J in improving secondary treatment targets, potential differential efficacy across special-interest Veteran subgroups, and long-term consequences of program participation.
Substance use disorders and psychopathy are serious and costly mental health issues. Psychopathy is known to be associated with aberrant moral decision making and there is considerable interest in determining whether substance use disorders lead to impairments in these same cognitive processes. Recent large-scale research initiatives in forensic settings have begun to identify substance abuse and psychopathy-related disruption in the neural mechanisms involved in moral decision-making processes, and associations between these neural networks and future relapse and antisocial behavior. Here the investigators extend prior work (with incarcerated men) to examine these issues among incarcerated women in order to better understand sex differences. This project addresses the overall lack of neurocognitive research in criminal offenders with substance use disorders, thereby focusing on a major public health issue in an underserved and understudied population.
This study involves a long-term outcome study of the Catholic Health Initiative St. Joseph's Children (CHI SJC) program using a randomized control study. The purpose of this study is to determine the short-term and long-term impact and effectiveness of the CHI SJC program. The CHI SJC program has not been studied to determine program effectiveness. The investigators intend to follow families and their children until the children in the study graduate from high-school or turn 19 years of age. The study, as a template, uses the eight outcome domains listed and described in the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness website (http://homvee.acf.hhs.gov/outcomes.aspx). These eight domains are: - Child development and school readiness - Family economic self-sufficiency - Maternal health - Reductions in child maltreatment - Child health - Linkages and referrals - Positive parenting practices - Reductions in juvenile delinquency, family violence, and crime The investigators expect to observe significant differences among the two groups with respect to the primary outcome domains listed. The investigators expect study group members randomized to the CHI SJC program will perform better on the eight outcome domains. Other hypotheses include: Other Hypotheses: Hypothesis 1. Randomization to CHI SJC will be associated with higher quality functioning and better child health and well-being. Hypothesis 2. Randomization to CHI SJC will result in more connections to community resources. Hypothesis 3. Randomization to CHI SJC will result in improved indications of maternal health and positive parenting practices. Hypothesis 4. Randomization to CHI SJC will be associated with higher measures of family economic self-sufficiency. Hypothesis 5. Randomization to CHI SJC will be associated with increased school readiness and school progress and attainment. Hypothesis 6. Randomization to CHI SJC will be associated with reductions in juvenile delinquency, family violence, and crime. The study will collect outcome data in the same way and, at the same time, from treatment and control group members. Data collection will primarily be comprised of a set of self-report questionnaires and a review of administrative records that target the outcome domains described earlier. Study group members will be assessed at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 3 years, 5 years, 8 years, 12 years, 15 years, and at high-school graduation or 19 years of age.
The opioid epidemic has become one of America's deadliest crises, surpassing car crashes, firearms, and HIV/AIDS as a leading cause of death for Americans under fifty years of age. People trying to recover from opioid-use disorder face many obstacles. Obstacles such as minor legal problems (e.g., arrest warrants for failure to pay a fine, failure to appear in court, or late child support payments) can undermine the stability needed to overcome opioid dependence. Outstanding legal obligations make it difficult to find jobs and to secure housing. They can result in removal from treatment programs as well as incarceration. Resolving these legal problems requires coordination, organization, preparation, travel, and time-expectations that may be problematic for many people in the early stages of recovery. Technology has the potential to make resolving these legal problems much easier. Online platform technology is now available that can guide people in recovery through the resolution of many legal problems at no cost and without an attorney, potentially doing so quickly, remotely, and at any time of day. This study of individuals in treatment in Michigan tests whether resolving outstanding legal issues improves drug treatment outcomes. The research also examines whether and to what extent resolving legal issues supports family reunification, reduces future criminal behavior, and improves access to jobs and housing for clients in treatment for opioid use disorder. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is used to determine the effects of resolving legal issues on these outcomes. For identification, the investigators leverage the random assignment of legal services to treatment center clients, along with the random assignment of clients to treatment centers by birth month. We assemble a novel longitudinal dataset of hundreds of clients in treatment for substance use disorder and link these clients to several administrative datasets and qualitative data, which allows for measurement of: (1) substance use behaviors and (2) justice-system involvement, including civil and criminal legal system encounters. This study also uses linked client and administrative data to research the population in opioid treatment centers, follow-up behaviors, and whether the consequences of providing no-cost legal services differ by client background. Findings from this research will improve America's understanding of the acute socio-legal needs faced by those experiencing opioid use disorder and provide recommendations to help target resources toward the areas that best support long-term abstinence from opioids and other drugs.
The purpose of the proposed study is to determine the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for prisons (ACT-P) and Thinking for a Change (T4C) as reentry programs in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Substance abuse and criminal behavior are increasing among adolescents in Sweden. The Swedish National Board of Institutional Care, SiS, provides institutional care on basis of the Swedish laws Care of Young Persons (Special Provisions) Act, LVU, Care of Substance Abusers (Special Provisions) Act, LVM, Secure Youth Care Act, LSU. Treatment is provided at locked youth residential homes. The Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach, A-CRA, an empirically supported substance use treatment, promotes long-term abstinence, increases social stability and decreases depression and other co-morbid psychiatric problems. However, A-CRA has mostly been delivered and evaluated within outpatient care. It is unclear whether A-CRA is as effective when delivered in compulsory care where many adolescents with severe substance use disorder and criminal behavior receive treatment. This study is the first part of a larger project with the overall objective to evaluate and adjust A-CRA to the compulsory care provided at National Board of Institutional Care (Statens institutionsstyrelse, SiS) for justice-involved youth. The aim of this first part is to examine feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of A-CRA when provided in institutional care (SiS). Furthermore, to explore experiences of undergoing and delivering A-CRA in the institutional setting. Data collected from this study will be used for improvement of a coming full scale randomized controlled trial planned for 2022. Expected results are that A-CRA is feasible in the institutional environment, that A-CRA is perceived as helpful and acceptable by therapists and adolescents, that planned procedures are feasible and data collection and recruitment works satisfactorily.
Primary Objective: Conduct pilot study to assess effects of brief negotiation interview (BNI) Chatbot among individuals involved in the Connecticut criminal justice system with opioid use disorder (OUD). Study Duration: Approximately 2 years (1 year for study activities, 1 year for data analysis) Study Design: This is a prospective, randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness of a BNI Chatbot on patients with OUD compared with Standard Care (SC). Number of Study Sites: The offices of the Center for Progressive Recovery, LLC and the New Haven Police Department Detention Center (NHPD). Study Population: The study population includes adult individuals with OUD who are involved in the Connecticut criminal justice system and not currently receiving medication-assisted treatment for their OUD. Number of Participants: Sixty participants Primary Outcome Variable: Attendance at participants first treatment appointment within four weeks of referral among participants in the BNI Chatbot vs. Standard Care (SC) groups. Secondary Outcome and Exploratory Outcome Variables: Secondary outcomes include readiness and intention to engage in buprenorphine (bup) treatment, and urine toxicology test-confirmed drug use at four weeks among participants in BNI Chatbot vs. SC groups. Exploratory outcomes include ratings of feasibility, acceptability and satisfaction between study groups, and a comparison of study findings to engagement data from previous in-person studies, including BNI+bup, and other digital programs, such as reSET-O, and DynamiCare.
In this study investigators are examining the feasibility and acceptability of an expanded and technology-assisted aftercare program with persons released from a crisis stabilization unit (CSU) who were brought to the CSU by choice of law enforcement. Investigators are assessing the critical elements of CSUs, examining the feasibility and acceptability of pairing mobile and technology-assisted aftercare to improve treatment access and retention; and developing a study protocol to be used in a future multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT). Crisis stabilization units provide law enforcement officers an alternative to jail for individuals experiencing a substance use or mental health disorder crisis contributing to criminalized behavior. This study is designed to assist with the diversion of individuals toward treatment and away from subsequent contact with law enforcement through piloting mobile and technology assisted aftercare services to persons released from a CSU. One of the largest barriers to the effectiveness of CSUs is retaining the individual in treatment after discharge. Logistical factors including transportation, stable housing, and long waitlists for community-based treatment decrease treatment access. These factors may also be complicated by an individual's understanding of the importance of remaining in treatment as well as their motivation to continue. To overcome these barriers and enhance the impact of CSUs, investigators are developing an expanded model which includes mobile and technology-assisted modalities that address psychological, behavioral, and medication-assisted treatment.
This study will use a randomized control trial (RCT) design to administer two versions of a multisession remote behavioral intervention for youth seeking Emergency Department care for a violent injury with the goal to reduce their violence involvement and associated negative behaviors and consequences. The study examines two versions of the remote therapy intervention - a standard RTI (S-RTI) and an Artificial Intelligence RTI (AI-RTI). The application of a just-in-time adaptive strategy to address youth violence is an important and novel direction for this research, particularly given the need to understand best practices for delivering behavioral interventions among lower-income populations.