Outcome
| Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
| Other |
Focus groups for the assessement of organizational change |
In order to enrich understanding about the participants' experience with the intervention and their perception of change, focus groups (FG) will be conducted 2 weeks after the final CMT-C session with the caregivers, who attended the CMT-C. The FG will be moderated by the researcher and an assistant, following a FG guide (Santos, Pinheiro & Rijo, 2019), composed by 12 open ended questions, regarding their experiences with CMT-C, learnings transfer, perception of change, impact and learning sustainability in residential care. The FG will be audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. |
Two weeks after post-intervention assessments |
|
| Primary |
Change of Compassion |
Caregivers reported on the Compassion Scale (CS; Pommier, 2011; Portuguese version by Sousa, Castilho, Vieira, Vagos, & Rijo, 2017). The CS is a 24-item self-report scale that measures compassion for others. Participants answered each item according to how frequently they feel and act towards others, using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = almost never, to 5 = almost always). In the Portuguese version, a CFA revealed the existence of six subscales and two higher-order factors: Compassion (comprising the positive subscales: Kindness, Common Humanity, Mindfulness) and Disconnectedness (comprising the negative subscales: Indifference, Separation and Disengagement), which represent a positive and a negative valence of compassion. |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Primary |
Change of Self-Compassion |
Caregivers reported on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003; Portuguese version by Castilho, Pinto-Gouveia & Duarte, 2015). The SCS is a 26 self-reported scale which addresses self-compassion and instructs participants to answer its items, rated in a 5-point Likert scale (1 = almost never, to 5 = almost always), regarding "how I typically act towards myself in difficult times". In the original version, the scale has a total score and six subscales (Self-Kindness; Self-Judgement; Common Humanity; Isolation; Mindfulness; and Over-Identification). The Portuguese version tested a two-factor model, finding that a Self-Compassionate attitude (comprising the positive subscales: Self-Kindness, Common Humanity, Mindfulness) and Self-Critical attitude (comprising the negative subscales: Self-Judgement, Isolation and Over-Identification). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Primary |
Change of Fears of Compassion |
Caregivers reported on the Fears of Compassion Scales (FCS; Gilbert, McEwan, Matos, & Rivis, 2011; Portuguese version by Matos, Pinto-Gouveia, Duarte, & Simões, 2011). The FCS integrates three self-reported scales designed to assess fears of being compassionate toward others (10 items), receiving compassion from others (13 items) and being self-compassionate (15 items). The items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = Do not agree at all, to 4 = Completely agree). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Primary |
Change of Social Safeness |
Caregivers reported on the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale (SSPS; Gilbert et al., 2009; Portuguese version by Dinis, Castilho, Xavier, & Pinto-Gouveia, 2008). The SSPS is an 11-item unidimensional self-reported scale that assesses the frequency with which individuals experience positive feelings in their social relationships, as well as, they experience the world as a safe and soothing place. Items are rated through a 5-point Likert scale (1 =almost never, to 5=almost always). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Primary |
Change of Emotional Climate at the workplace |
Caregivers reported on the Emotional Climate in Organizations Scale Adults (ECOS-A; Albuquerque et al., 2018). The ECOS-A is a 30-item self-report scale, aiming to assess how workers felt and behaved at their workplace, over the past two weeks. This scale has two parts (i.e., emotions and motives) with 15 items each. Each one is divided into 3 subscales, with 5 items, referring to the three affect's regulation systems: the threat system, the soothing system and the drive system. All items are answered according to a 5-points Likert's scale (0 =Never, to 4= Always). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Emotion regulation |
Caregivers reported on the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ; Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2002; Portuguese version by Castro et al., 2013). CERQ is a 36 items self-report questionnaire designed to measure specific cognitive emotion regulation used in response to the experience of threatening or stressful events. It has nine subscales, each one corresponding to one cognitive emotion regulation strategy: Self-Blame (SB), Rumination (R), Positive Refocusing (PRF), Planning (P), Other-Blame (OB), Catastrophizing (C), Putting into Perspective (PIP), Positive Reappraisal (PRP) and Acceptance (A). Each subscale has 4 items, answered on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Mental Health Symptoms |
Caregivers reported on the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995; Portuguese version by Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado & Leal, 2004). DASS-21 is a 21 items self-report measure designed to assess three dimensions of psychopathological symptoms: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are rated using a four-point Likert scale for frequency (ranging from 0=Does not apply to me at all to 3 =Applied to me very much or most of the time). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Professional Quality of Life |
Caregivers reported on the Professional Quality of Life Scale, version 5 (ProQOL-5; Stamm, 2010; Portuguese version by Carvalho, 2011). The ProQOL is a 30-item self-report measure composed by three subscales: compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO) and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Participants are instructed to indicate how frequently each item was experienced in the previous 30 days, on a 5-point Likert scale (from 1 = never to 5 = very often). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Empathy |
Caregivers reported on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983; Portuguese version by Limpo, Alves & Castro, 2010). IRI is a 24-item self-reported scale, aiming to measure perspective taking, empathic concern and fantasy. Perspective taking is considered a cognitive component of empathy, while empathic concern and personal distress are considered the affective component. Respondents are instructed to rate how well each statement describes them on a 5- point Likert scale (from 0 = not well to 4 = very well). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Resilience |
Caregivers reported on the Resilience Scale (RS; Wagnild & Young, 1993; Portuguese version by Pinheiro & Matos, 2013). RS is a 14-item self-reported scale aiming to assess resiliency. Respondents are instructed to rate how well each statement describes them on a 7- point Likert scale (from 1 = Completely disagree, to 7 = Completely agree). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Satisfaction with life |
Caregivers reported on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985; Portuguese version by Simões, 1992) SWLS is a 5-item scale that measures the cognitive-judgmental aspects of general life satisfaction. Each item is scored from 1 to 7 on a Likert-type scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Positive and negative affect |
Caregivers and adolescents reported on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988; Portuguese version for adolescents by Galinha & Pais-Ribeiro, 2005). PANAS is a 20-item self-report scale designed to assess two mood states: positive affect and negative affect. Each subscale is composed by 10 items, that describe feelings and emotions. Participants are asked to rate the severity and frequency of these feelings and emotions in the last few weeks, using a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing or very slightly, to 5=extremely). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Warmth and Safeness experiences |
Adolescents reported on the Current Experiences of warmth and safeness (CEWSS-A) (Santos, Sousa, Pinheiro & Rijo, 2020). The CEWSS-A is a 12-items self-report measure designed to assess the frequency in which adolescents feel emotional experiences of warmth, care, safeness with others, in the time period of the last two weeks. Items are answered using a Likert-scale response ranging from 0 (No, never) to 4 (Yes, most of the time). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Social safeness |
Adolescents reported on the Social Safeness and Pleasure Scale for Adolescents (SSPS-A; Gilbert et al., 2009; Portuguese version for adolescents by Castilho et al., 2015). The SSPS-A is an 11-item unidimensional self-reported scale that assesses the frequency with which individuals experience positive feelings in their social relationships, as well as, they experience the world as a safe and soothing place. Items are rated through a 5-point Likert scale (1 =almost never, to 5=almost always). |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Emotional Climate in Residential Care Home |
Adolescents reported on the Emotional Climate in the Classroom Scale (ECCS; Albuquerque, Matos, Cunha, Galhardo, Palmeira, & Lima, 2018). ECCS is a 15-item self-report scale aiming to assess how adolescents feel in classroom over the past two weeks. This scale is divided into 3 subscales, which one with 5 items, describing different feelings associated to the three affect's regulation systems: the threat system, the soothing system and the drive system. Items are answered according to a Likert's scale, ranging from 0 "Never" to 4 "Always". |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
|
| Secondary |
Internalizing and externalizing problems |
Adolescents reported on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, Meltzer, & Bailey, 1998; Portuguese version by Fleitlich et al., 2005). The self-report SDQ version has 25-items rated using a Likert-type response scale ranging from 0 (not true) to 2 (certainly true). It can be completed by young people aged 11-17 years and is organized into five subscales - emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention difficulties, peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviors. SDQ bi-factor model - internalizing and externalizing has been extensively used. |
baseline; 3 months; 6 months; 9 months; 12 months |
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