View clinical trials related to Communicable Diseases.
Filter by:Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-A) into the bladder is a widely used treatment option for patients with overactive bladder who have failed medical therapy. Urinary tract infection is the most common side effect of this procedure and therefore antibiotics are given around the time of injection in order to prevent these events. While antibiotics are commonly given at the time of injection, the duration of these antibiotic regimens are variable. The investigators propose a study to investigate different antibiotic protocols and their affect on the rate of urinary tract infection after injection.
In this trial, women with history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) will be followed over the course of 6 months. The women will be randomized either to D- Mannose or Placebo. The primary objective of this study is to investigate if treatment with D-mannose reduces the risk for a UTI recurrence compared to treatment with Placebo. H0: Women with history of recurrent UTIs treated with D-Mannose on average have the same number of recurrent UTIs over the course of 6 months compared to women treated with Placebo. H1: Women with history of recurrent UTIs treated with D-Mannose on average have fewer recurrent UTIs over the course of 6 months compared to women treated with Placebo.
The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of catheter associated culture-based urinary tract infection (UTI) after elective CD with or without preoperative placement of a urinary catheter.
Context: The hyperglycemia is an important independent risk factor for the Surgical Site Infection (SSI) development among liver transplantation recipients. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative protocol of blood glucose management on the surgical site infection incidence among liver transplantation recipients. Material and methods: It is an open-label clinical trial that will be randomized into 2 groups of blood glucose (BG) control: patients will undergo BG control regular in the facility chosen to research development (BG targeted 130-180 mg/dL) and the second one will undergo intensive BG control (BG targeted 80 - 130 mg/dL) until patients are eating at least 50% of a full liquid diet or receiving bolus tube feedings. A computer program will be employed to generate the randomized schedule that will be put into sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes by an external expert to research. A finger prick device will be used to measure the blood glucose. A blinded adjudication committee to analyse the primary endpoint SSI will adopt the SSI criteria given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The research proposal will be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov database. Central tendency and dispersion measures, Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimated and Log-rank test will be used for data analyses. Expected outcomes: The results of the study should contribute to establishing better clinical practices on glycemic control in the liver transplantation recipient's postoperative period aiming to reduce SSI incidence and its associated morbidity and mortality.
Over the last decade, there has been great emphasis on reducing the incidence of hospital-acquired infections, including catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). This study will evaluate the effectiveness of Betadine irrigation solution (2% povidone-iodine) instilled into the bladder immediately prior to indwelling catheter removal to decrease the risk of subsequent bacteriuria, leading to decreased rates of NHSN defined CAUTI.
Surgical site infections (SSI) are the second most common cause of nosocomial infections accounting for 15% of all nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients and 38% of nosocomial infections in surgical patients. In obstetric patients, infectious morbidity (i.e. SSI, endometritis) occurs in 5-10% of cesarean sections, which is 5-fold higher than vaginal deliveries. Additionally, infectious morbidity is thought to be highest in those patients who have cesarean sections after undergoing labor. Chlorhexidine, a chemical antiseptic effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria, reduces skin microflora/colonization but it is not clear if it decreases the risk of SSI. Historically, chlorhexidine has been studied and used in orthopedic and cardiac implant surgeries. Research on the use of chlorhexidine for SSI prevention in cesarean sections is limited. This study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of use of both chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) wipe and vaginal scrub in reducing SSI in patients undergoing cesarean section that have previously been laboring. Patients will be randomized to one of two groups: wash with both a pre-operative CHG cloth prior to surgery and chlorhexidine gluconate vaginal scrub in addition to standard preoperative scrub as compared to standard preoperative scrub alone.
This was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, Phase II study (NCT03418571) designed to support the selection of an optimal dose of inhaled ALX-0171 for further clinical development, taking ethnicity into consideration. Based on the results of the Phase IIb dose-ranging study ALX0171-C201 (RESPIRE), the Sponsor decided to discontinue ALX-0171 development in infants and to early terminate the ALX0171-C203 study.
Intervention: This study will involve three different study arms with different interventions prior to surgery: (1) shower only, (2) shower plus Theraworx wipes, (3) shower plus chlorhexidine wipes Study Design: Single center RCT Sample Size: 500 patients, aged 18+ Objectives: Primary Objectives: 1. Monitor for safety and adverse effects. 2. Evaluate for differences in peri-operative skin cultures between treatment groups; 3. Compare surgical site infection rates between groups. Secondary Objectives: 1. Assess for patient compliance for each different treatment arms. 2. Measure patient satisfaction. 3. Measure nurse satisfaction. 4. Visual assessment of wound healing Expected Results: We expect no statistically significant difference in peri-operative cultures or surgical site infection rates between groups.
This study is designed to collect data from 8,476 fracture patients during a pre-and post-intervention phases of two years length each. The intervention consists on the implementation of the AOT SSI Prevention Bundle. D
Background: Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) is divided in two distinct groups, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated HAP (nvHAP). Although nvHAP occurs more frequently than VAP and results in similar mortality and costs, prevention guidelines and prevention focus almost exclusively on VAP. Scientific evidence about nvHAP prevention is scarce. Therefore, we designed a mixed-methods study to investigate the effectiveness of a newly developed nvHAP prevention bundle and factors that influence its implementation. Methods: This single-centre project at the 950-bed University Hospital Zurich (UHZ) will engage the wards of nine departments with substantial nvHAP rates. The nvHAP bundle consists of five primary prevention measures: 1) oral care, 2) identification and treatment of patients with dysphagia, 3) mobilization, 4) stopping unnecessary proton pump inhibitors, and, 5) respiratory therapy. Implementation includes the engagement of department-level implementation teams, who sustain the 'core' intervention components of education, training, and environmental restructuring and adapt the implementation strategy to local needs. The effects of the implementation will be analysed by a mixed-method approach. As primary outcome, nvHAP incidence rates will be analysed by Poisson regression models to compare incidence rates before, during, and after the implementation phases (on the hospital and department level). In addition, the association between process indicators and nvHAP incidence rates will be analysed using longitudinal Poisson regression models. A longitudinal, qualitative study and formative evaluation based on interviews and focus groups identifies supporting or hindering factors for implementation success in participating departments dynamically over time. This accumulating implementation experience will be constantly fed back to the implementation teams and thus, represents an active implementation element. Discussion: This comprehensive mixed-methods study is designed to accomplish both, measure the effectiveness of a new prevention bundle against nvHAP and provide insights into how and why it worked or failed. The results of this study may contribute substantially to patient safety in the area of a rediscovered healthcare-associated infection - nvHAP.