Post-operative Complications and Smoking Habits in Colorectal Surgery

Colorectal Disorders Clinical Trial

— PASSAGE  

Official title:

Complicanze Post-operatorie e Abitudine Tabagica in Chirurgia Colorettale (Studio PASSAGE). Uno Studio Multicentrico Osservazionale Prospettico e Retrospettivo in Italia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06339671
• Other study ID #: PASSAGE
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Start date: April 15, 2024
• Est. completion date: September 25, 2025

Study information

• Verified date: April 2024
• Source: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
• Contact: Pierpaolo Sileri, Prof.
• Phone: 0226439091
• Email: livolsi.emanuela[@]hsr.it
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Clinical Trial Summary

PASSAGE is a national multicenter retrospective and prospective observational cohort study in which patients who will undergo colorectal surgery will be enrolled.

Description:

The first part of the study is retrospective and data collection will be done the first 6 months. The enrolled patients will be divided into three groups (FT: tobacco smokers; NRT: nicotine replacement therapy; NF: non-smokers) and the data will be compared between groups to evaluate whether there are statistically significant differences regarding postoperative complications. The NF group will also be divided into patients who have never smoked and patients who have stopped smoking. A further analysis of ex-smoking patients will be performed to evaluate whether the incidence of complications differs from that observed in patients who have never smoked. The second part of the study will be prospective and will last one year. Also in this study the enrolled patients will be divided into three groups (NF group, FT group, and NRT group) and data obtained from all recorded variables will be compared between the groups. The data obtained retrospectively and prospectively will be analyzed together for each group. The hypothesis of the study is that tobacco smoking plays a significant role in the appearance of postoperative complications. In particular, it is hypothesized that the group of patients taking NRT (defined as the group of NRT patients) has a higher incidence of postoperative complications after colorectal surgery than that observed in the control group of non-smoking (NF) or ex-smoking patients and lower to the group of tobacco smoking patients (FT).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 1527
• Est. completion date: September 25, 2025
• Est. primary completion date: September 25, 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients = 18 years old.
• Patients who have read, understood, accepted and signed the informed consent to the study.
• Patients with benign or malignant colorectal disease.
• Patients undergoing colorectal surgery with any type of approach (open or minimally invasive) in Italy.
• Patients undergoing elective and emergency colorectal surgery.
• Patients NF (non smoker), FT (tobacco smokers), NRT (nicotine replacement therapy). Are considered smokers that patients who have smoked for at least 30 days at the time of surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients < 18 years old.
• Patients who have not accepted informed consent.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Colorectal Disorders

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Italy	Prof. Pierpaolo Sileri	Milan

Sponsors (3)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele	Ospedale San Paolo, Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord pesaro

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

References & Publications (17)

Balla A, Saraceno F, Rullo M, Morales-Conde S, Targarona Soler EM, Di Saverio S, Guerrieri M, Lepiane P, Di Lorenzo N, Adamina M, Alarcon I, Arezzo A, Bollo Rodriguez J, Boni L, Biondo S, Carrano FM, Chand M, Jenkins JT, Davies J, Delgado Rivilla S, Delrio P, Elmore U, Espin-Basany E, Fichera A, Flor Lorente B, Francis N, Gomez Ruiz M, Hahnloser D, Licardie E, Martinez C, Ortenzi M, Panis Y, Pastor Idoate C, Paganini AM, Pera M, Perinotti R, Popowich DA, Rockall T, Rosati R, Sartori A, Scoglio D, Shalaby M, Simo Fernandez V, Smart NJ, Spinelli A, Sylla P, Tanis PJ, Valdes-Hernandez J, Wexner SD, Sileri P. Protective ileostomy creation after anterior resection of the rectum: Shared decision-making or still subjective? Colorectal Dis. 2023 Apr;25(4):647-659. doi: 10.1111/codi.16454. Epub 2022 Dec 28. — View Citation

Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8. — View Citation

Choe SI, Finley C. Confronting the Negative Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Cancer Surgery. Curr Oncol. 2022 Aug 18;29(8):5869-5874. doi: 10.3390/curroncol29080463. — View Citation

Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, de Santibanes E, Pekolj J, Slankamenac K, Bassi C, Graf R, Vonlanthen R, Padbury R, Cameron JL, Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009 Aug;250(2):187-96. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2. — View Citation

Gaskill CE, Kling CE, Varghese TK Jr, Veenstra DL, Thirlby RC, Flum DR, Alfonso-Cristancho R. Financial benefit of a smoking cessation program prior to elective colorectal surgery. J Surg Res. 2017 Jul;215:183-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.03.067. Epub 2017 Apr 7. — View Citation

Gronkjaer M, Eliasen M, Skov-Ettrup LS, Tolstrup JS, Christiansen AH, Mikkelsen SS, Becker U, Flensborg-Madsen T. Preoperative smoking status and postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2014 Jan;259(1):52-71. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3182911913. — View Citation

Guerif V, Atlan M, Cristofari S. Pathophysiology of nicotine, place of nicotine substitutes and electronic cigarettes in plastic surgery: A review of the literature. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2022 Jun;67(3):119-124. doi: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.05.001. Epub 2022 Jun 4. — View Citation

Parthasarathy M, Greensmith M, Bowers D, Groot-Wassink T. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection: a retrospective analysis of 17 518 patients. Colorectal Dis. 2017 Mar;19(3):288-298. doi: 10.1111/codi.13476. — View Citation

Rahbari NN, Weitz J, Hohenberger W, Heald RJ, Moran B, Ulrich A, Holm T, Wong WD, Tiret E, Moriya Y, Laurberg S, den Dulk M, van de Velde C, Buchler MW. Definition and grading of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum: a proposal by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer. Surgery. 2010 Mar;147(3):339-51. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.10.012. Epub 2009 Dec 11. — View Citation

Shahab L, Goniewicz ML, Blount BC, Brown J, McNeill A, Alwis KU, Feng J, Wang L, West R. Nicotine, Carcinogen, and Toxin Exposure in Long-Term E-Cigarette and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Users: A Cross-sectional Study. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Mar 21;166(6):390-400. doi: 10.7326/M16-1107. Epub 2017 Feb 7. — View Citation

Shi Y, Warner DO. Surgery as a teachable moment for smoking cessation. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jan;112(1):102-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c61cf9. — View Citation

Silverstein P. Smoking and wound healing. Am J Med. 1992 Jul 15;93(1A):22S-24S. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(92)90623-j. — View Citation

Sun R, Mendez D, Warner KE. Trends in Nicotine Product Use Among US Adolescents, 1999-2020. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Aug 2;4(8):e2118788. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18788. — View Citation

Tsai KY, Huang SH, You JF, Tang R, Chiang JM, Yeh CY, Hsieh PS, Tsai WS, Chiang SF, Lai CC. Smoking cessation for less than 10 years remains a risk factor of anastomotic leakage in mid-to-low rectal cancer patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2022 May;407(3):1131-1138. doi: 10.1007/s00423-021-02381-9. Epub 2022 Jan 26. — View Citation

Turan A, Mascha EJ, Roberman D, Turner PL, You J, Kurz A, Sessler DI, Saager L. Smoking and perioperative outcomes. Anesthesiology. 2011 Apr;114(4):837-46. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318210f560. — View Citation

von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;61(4):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008. — View Citation

Zhang W, Lou Z, Liu Q, Meng R, Gong H, Hao L, Liu P, Sun G, Ma J, Zhang W. Multicenter analysis of risk factors for anastomotic leakage after middle and low rectal cancer resection without diverting stoma: a retrospective study of 319 consecutive patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017 Oct;32(10):1431-1437. doi: 10.1007/s00384-017-2875-8. Epub 2017 Aug 2. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Incidence and severity of postoperative complications surgery in three groups	Incidence of postoperative complications (new onset) within 30 days from the date of surgery in the three groups of patients (NF, FT, NRT).	30 days
Secondary	Incidence and severity of postoperative complications surgery in NF (non-smokers) group	Incidence of postoperative complications (new onset) within 30 days from the date of surgery in the two groups of NF patients (patients who have never smoked and patients who have stopped smoking).	30 days

External Links

•   National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Public health consequences of e-cigarettes. Accessed March 8, 2023