Colitis, Ulcerative Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Effect of Appendectomy in Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Active Disease: COlonic Salvage by Therapeutic Appendectomy
Rationale: The annual incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) amounts to 6-8 new cases per
100.000. Patients are initially treated medically, and colitis refractory to medical
management is treated surgically, mostly by means of an (emergency) colectomy or a
proctocolectomy with ileal J-pouch anastomosis. Over the past 10 years evidence has been
accumulating indicating that the appendix has an immunomodulatory role in patients with UC
reducing the need for medication and perhaps even colectomy.
Objective: The objective of this prospective observational cohort study is to evaluate the
effect of appendectomy on the disease course of patients with active ulcerative colitis
despite standard step-up treatment including biologicals. The second objective is to
determine if histological inflammation in the appendix resection specimens can be reliably
predicted by pre-operative endoscopic biopsies of the appendix and correlated to clinical and
pathological response after appendectomy.
Study design: The design of the study is a prospective observational cohort study of 80
consecutive patients.
Study population: Sixty patients of 18 years and older, with established diagnosis of UC and
ongoing disease activity despite standard step-up treatment including biologicals.
Furthermore, histological characteristics in appendix biopsies of 10 patients with non-active
UC and 10 'healthy control' patients (e.g. patients undergoing endoscopy for polyps) will be
evaluated and used as a reference control group.
Intervention: Patients will undergo laparoscopic appendectomy in clinical or day care
setting.
Main study parameters/objectives: The primary outcome parameter is the number of patients
achieving remission (Total Mayo score ≤2) 12 months after appendectomy. Secondary endpoints
are reduction of medical therapy, the disease activity as measured with the Mayo score,
colectomy rate, the health related quality of life and costs (EQ-5D, EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL and
IBDQ), and histological appendix characteristics predictive of response.
The study is designed as a prospective observational series including patients with active
ulcerative colitis despite standard step-up treatment including biologicals. Sixty
consecutive patients who are refractory to medical treatment will be recruited to evaluate
the effect of the appendectomy on the disease course.
Eligible patients will be counselled at the outpatient clinics. Patients with presumed
therapy-refractory inflammation will undergo ileocolonoscopy, which is part of standard daily
practice. When informed consent is given, the presence of a PARP will be documented, and
additional biopsies of the appendix and coecal base will be taken, to determine histological
inflammation grade. Active disease is required for inclusion, and is defined as a combined
clinical and endoscopic Mayo-score of ≥5 with an endoscopic subscore of 2 or 3. After
inclusion, a laparoscopic appendectomy will be performed within 9 weeks. Patients will be
followed every 3 months after laparoscopic appendectomy to assess the patients' clinical
condition and the non-invasive Mayo score. According to standard practice evaluating therapy
change, a sigmoidoscopy will be performed within 6 months and a full ileocolonoscopy at 12
months, including biopsies of the colon and coecal base, to assess mucosal appearance and
complete the Mayo score.
Postoperatively, patients will receive the similar medical treatment as given
pre-appendectomy. If medication can be tapered post-appendectomy, this will be done according
to the experience of the treating physician and current guidelines. Patients will complete
health related quality of life questionnaires (EQ-5D, EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL and IBDQ) via email or
a telemedicine application (MyIBDcoach) at inclusion and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up.
The pre-operative endoscopic biopsies of the appendix will be used to determine if
histological inflammation in the appendix resection specimens can be reliably predicted.
Histological findings in the resection specimens will be correlated to clinical and
pathological response after appendectomy. Furthermore, in 20 patients who are planned for
colonoscopy (10 patients with non-active UC and 10 non-UC patients with polyps) additional
appendix biopsies will be taken to use as a reference control group. Therefore, a total of 80
patients will be recruited for this study.
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