Cognitive Training Clinical Trial
— remtrainOfficial title:
A 4-day Study of Neurofeedback Training of Cognitive Control in Healthy Adults
This project will examine whether individuals can be trained, using real-time feedback about brain function during neuroimaging, to effectively remove thoughts from mind by providing them with a sense of what it feels like to successfully remove a thought.
Status | Not yet recruiting |
Enrollment | 40 |
Est. completion date | December 2025 |
Est. primary completion date | December 2025 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years to 40 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Right-handed - Speak English fluently - Minimum 8th grade education - Good hearing - Good vision or minimal correction with contacts or eyeglasses Exclusion Criteria: - History of significant illnesses (including cardiovascular disease, cancer, immunodeficiency disorders (including HIV infection) - Diabetes - Unstable endocrine disorders - Neurological disorders - Neuromuscular disorders - Blood dyscrasias - History of major psychiatric disorders (including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and dementia) - Substance dependence - History of head trauma with loss of consciousness - Cerebrovascular accident - Seizures - Neurosurgical intervention - Metal implants in the body (including pacemakers, neurostimulators, or other metal objects) - Metal piercings that cannot be removed for the scan - Women who are pregnant or who think they may be pregnant |
Country | Name | City | State |
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n/a |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
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University of Texas at Austin | University of Colorado, Boulder |
Banich MT, Mackiewicz Seghete KL, Depue BE, Burgess GC. Multiple modes of clearing one's mind of current thoughts: overlapping and distinct neural systems. Neuropsychologia. 2015 Mar;69:105-17. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.039. Epub 2015 Jan 28. — View Citation
Kim H, Smolker HR, Smith LL, Banich MT, Lewis-Peacock JA. Changes to information in working memory depend on distinct removal operations. Nat Commun. 2020 Dec 7;11(1):6239. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20085-4. — View Citation
Lewis-Peacock JA, Drysdale AT, Oberauer K, Postle BR. Neural evidence for a distinction between short-term memory and the focus of attention. J Cogn Neurosci. 2012 Jan;24(1):61-79. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00140. Epub 2011 Sep 29. — View Citation
Lewis-Peacock JA, Kessler Y, Oberauer K. The removal of information from working memory. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 Jul;1424(1):33-44. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13714. Epub 2018 May 9. — View Citation
Sitaram R, Ros T, Stoeckel L, Haller S, Scharnowski F, Lewis-Peacock J, Weiskopf N, Blefari ML, Rana M, Oblak E, Birbaumer N, Sulzer J. Closed-loop brain training: the science of neurofeedback. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Feb;18(2):86-100. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.164. Epub 2016 Dec 22. Erratum In: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2019 May;20(5):314. — View Citation
Wang TH, Placek K, Lewis-Peacock JA. More Is Less: Increased Processing of Unwanted Memories Facilitates Forgetting. J Neurosci. 2019 May 1;39(18):3551-3560. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2033-18.2019. Epub 2019 Mar 11. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Neurofeedback learning | Visual fMRI neurofeedback (e.g., the diameter of a circle) will be provided to the participant at the end of each trial denoting the "level of engagement" in the instructed operation on that trial. The neurofeedback score is derived from the fMRI pattern classifier using regularized logistic regression for the instructed operation from a pre-trained working memory operation classifier. Scores range from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating better fits to the target pattern of activity. The investigators will quantify neurofeedback learning by computing changes in feedback scores within each session and across the sessions. | Within 2 weeks after the first day of the experiment, 3 neurofeedback training sessions lasting about 1 hour will occur at least 24 hours apart. The outcome measure will be computed at the end of all 3 sessions. | |
Primary | Neural consequences of control | Proactive interference for the encoding of trial N, separately following maintain trials and suppress trials, will be assessed using within-subject item-specific activity pattern matching between the localizer data and the main task data. Proactive interference would be reflected in a reduced correspondence (lower scores) between the localizer representation for an item and the representation of that item when it is encoded on trial N. Higher scores would reflect a release from proactive interference. | Within 2 weeks after the first day of the experiment, 3 neurofeedback training sessions lasting about 1 hour will occur at least 24 hours apart. The outcome measure will be computed across all trials in each run, and for each of the 3 sessions. | |
Primary | Behavioral consequences of control | After each session, participants will be evaluated with behavioral memory tests on both positive and negative information. Two pictures (of the same valence) are presented for memorization on each trial, an instruction is given to manipulate the memory of one of those images, then a probe image appears and participants are to respond, as quickly and accurately as then can, YES if that probe image was one of the images presented at the beginning of the trial (even if the participant was asked to suppress that image) or NO otherwise. Half the probes contain new images. The accuracies and response times for this memory test will be statistically analyzed. The investigators will compare differences in these measures across condition (maintain vs. suppress) and cue type (manipulated vs. non-manipulated item). For the 3 neurofeedback sessions, the investigators will also relate a participant's neurofeedback scores with their behavioral performance on this memory test. | This outcome measure will be collected at the end of the first day of the experiment and at the end of each of the 3 subsequent neurofeedback sessions occurring at least 24 hours apart within the next 2 weeks. | |
Secondary | Training transfer across valence | The investigators will evaluate whether neurofeedback training transfers across emotional valence. Half of the participants will be trained on positive images, and half will be trained on negative images. The behavioral memory test at the end of each session includes both positive and negative images, and the outcomes measures from this test (as described in Primary Outcome 3) will be compared between these two groups of participants. Data will be statistically evaluated for whether the emotional valence on which a participant is trained has an effect that is selective (showing greater changes in accuracy and/or response times for trials of that same valence) or non-selective (no differences in performance metrics for trials with positive or negative valence). | Within 2 weeks after the first day of the experiment, 3 neurofeedback training sessions lasting about 1 hour will occur at least 24 hours apart. This outcome measure will be collected at the end of each of the 3 sessions. |
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