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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT03721094
Other study ID # HMD-VR
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date February 14, 2018
Est. completion date June 5, 2018

Study information

Verified date November 2018
Source Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

In this study, the investigators examine the cognitive load (CL) and performance of a laparoscopic procedure in immersive virtual reality and controlled virtual reality in a randomized, controlled setup. Virtual reality (VR) simulators combined with head mounted displays (HMDs) enable highly immersive virtual reality (IVR) for surgical skills training, potentially bridging the gap between the simulation environment and real-life operating room (OR) conditions. However, the increased complexity of the learning situation in IVR could potentially induce high CL thereby inhibiting performance and learning.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 31
Est. completion date June 5, 2018
Est. primary completion date June 5, 2018
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender All
Age group N/A and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria:

- First year resident

Exclusion Criteria:

- Previous participation in trials involving laparoscopic training

- Prior experience with laparoscopic surgery (having performed one or more laparoscopic procedures as primary surgeon, including supervised procedures)

- Not speaking Danish on a conversational level

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Other:
Immersive virtual reality
In the IVR environment, four different 360-degrees videos were in sequence played as backdrop during the procedure. The videos reflected real life situations in the operating room with two videos representing calm periods, one video representing a light stressor and one video representing a severe stressor with a bleeding (2 ml/s) being triggered in the simulation. Participants complete the procedures while wearing the head mounted device.

Locations

Country Name City State
Denmark Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation Copenhagen Østerbro

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Denmark, 

References & Publications (10)

Andersen SA, Mikkelsen PT, Konge L, Cayé-Thomasen P, Sørensen MS. Cognitive Load in Mastoidectomy Skills Training: Virtual Reality Simulation and Traditional Dissection Compared. J Surg Educ. 2016 Jan-Feb;73(1):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2015.09.010. Epub 2015 Oct 21. — View Citation

Gianaros PJ, Muth ER, Mordkoff JT, Levine ME, Stern RM. A questionnaire for the assessment of the multiple dimensions of motion sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Feb;72(2):115-9. — View Citation

Huber T, Paschold M, Hansen C, Wunderling T, Lang H, Kneist W. New dimensions in surgical training: immersive virtual reality laparoscopic simulation exhilarates surgical staff. Surg Endosc. 2017 Nov;31(11):4472-4477. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5500-6. Epub 2017 Apr 4. — View Citation

Moorthy K, Munz Y, Adams S, Pandey V, Darzi A. A human factors analysis of technical and team skills among surgical trainees during procedural simulations in a simulated operating theatre. Ann Surg. 2005 Nov;242(5):631-9. — View Citation

Nagendran M, Gurusamy KS, Aggarwal R, Loizidou M, Davidson BR. Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 27;(8):CD006575. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006575.pub3. Review. — View Citation

Sørensen SM, Savran MM, Konge L, Bjerrum F. Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional vision in laparoscopy: a systematic review. Surg Endosc. 2016 Jan;30(1):11-23. doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4189-7. Epub 2015 Apr 4. Review. — View Citation

Strandbygaard J, Bjerrum F, Maagaard M, Winkel P, Larsen CR, Ringsted C, Gluud C, Grantcharov T, Ottesen B, Sorensen JL. Instructor feedback versus no instructor feedback on performance in a laparoscopic virtual reality simulator: a randomized trial. Ann Surg. 2013 May;257(5):839-44. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827eee6e. — View Citation

Thorson CM, Kelly JP, Forse RA, Turaga KK. Can we continue to ignore gender differences in performance on simulation trainers? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2011 May;21(4):329-33. doi: 10.1089/lap.2010.0368. — View Citation

van Merriënboer JJ, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Med Educ. 2010 Jan;44(1):85-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03498.x. Review. — View Citation

White MT, Welch K. Does gender predict performance of novices undergoing Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training? Am J Surg. 2012 Mar;203(3):397-400; discussion 400. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.09.020. — View Citation

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Other Motion sickness Motion sickness was assessed using a post-procedure questionnaire. The investigators used the MSAQ (Motion Sickness Assesment Questionnaire) developed by Gianaros et al in 2001. The questionnaire consisted of 16 statements and the participants had to rate how accurately the statements describe their experience in a numbered scale from 1 (not at all) to 9 (severely). The 16 statements were divided into for categories: Gastrointestinal; Central; Peripheral; Sopite-related. The overall motion sickness score was obtained by calculating the percentage of total points scored: (sum of points from all items/144) * 100. Subscale scores was obtained by calculating the percent of points scored within each factor: (sum of gastrointestinal items/36) * 100; (sum of central items/45) * 100; (sum of peripheral items/27) * 100; (sum of sopite-related items/36) * 100. 6 months
Primary Cognitive load Measurement of the participants cognitive load during four different time periods during the three procedures. Cognitive load was estimated by secondary-task reaction time. The investigators used an external and commercially available reaction timer (American Educational Products LLC, USA) to measure participants response time (in hundreds seconds) to an auditory stimulus (a beep). Reaction time was measured before and after the simulation to provide an individual baseline, and during the simulation at t=80 s, t=130 s, t=180 s and t=240 s. All reaction time measurements were done in series of four repeated measurements. It was also noted if the reaction time was measured while the participant was using the foot pedal for cauterization in the simulation. 6 months
Secondary Time to completion of procedure Time to completion of procedure (measured in seconds) 6 months
Secondary Diathermy damage Damage to surrounding tissue during the procedure (in number of incidents) 6 months
Secondary Blood loss Blood loss during the procedure (in ml) 6 months
Secondary Efficience of instrument movements (length) Measurement of movement of the left and right hand in meters 6 months
Secondary Efficience of instrument movements (degrees) Measurement of angular movements of the left and right hand in degrees 6 months