Cocaine Dependence Clinical Trial
Official title:
PET Assays of Striatal Dopamine Markers in Cocaine Craving
Background:
- Cues related to past drug use induce a particular pattern of brain activation, which has
been correlated with craving for cocaine in active cocaine abusers. Researchers are
interested in determining the role of the brain chemical dopamine in cue-elicited as
well as spontaneous craving for cocaine.
- To study the role of dopamine in cocaine craving, researchers will use positron emission
tomography (PET) to compare the neural reactions of cocaine users with those of
non-substance-abusing healthy volunteers. Researchers hope that the data gathered from
this study will lead to the development of more effective anti-craving medications.
Objectives:
- To clarify the role of dopamine in cue-elicited responses that contribute to cocaine
abuse.
- To determine if PET results of this study differ with various means of administering PET
chemicals.
Eligibility:
- Individuals 21 to 44 years of age who are either current cocaine users (at least twice per
week) or healthy volunteers without a history of drug abuse.
Design:
- Cocaine-using participants will enter the inpatient clinical research ward at the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Addiction Research Center for 2 nights before
the day of the study. In addition, these participants will stay overnight at NIDA the
evening after each PET session and will be discharged the following day. Cocaine-using
participants will be required to perform a balance test before the study to provide a
baseline response in case they require anti-anxiety medications to cope with the effects
of the study.
- Control subjects will not be required to stay overnight and will arrive as outpatients
for the PET session. All participants will be required to abstain from alcohol and
caffeine consumption from midnight before each study session, and will not be permitted
to smoke on the day of testing.
- - On the day of the study, participants will undergo a practice session to set up the
PET scanning equipment. Following the practice session, participants will be shown video
recordings of images that are related to nature (e.g., seashells) or to drug abuse
(e.g., drug paraphernalia). Participant reactions will be studied through the PET
monitoring, and the study will be conducted in two separate PET sessions with a break in
between. Individuals in the cocaine-using group may receive anti-anxiety medication if
the stimulus cues increase anxiety related to cocaine craving.
- Different groups of participants will receive different methods of PET chemical
administration, and researchers will compare these methods.
Cues related to past drug use induce a particular pattern of brain activation, which has been correlated with craving for cocaine in active cocaine abusers. The proposed research is designed to assess the role of dopamine in cue-elicited as well as spontaneous craving for cocaine. Cocaine abusers and control subjects will be presented with a stimulus complex related to drug abuse (cocaine cues: videotape depicting drug use, drug paraphernalia) or to nature (neutral cues: videotape depicting items such as shells and pinecones). The effects of each cue condition on striatal D2-like dopamine (DA) receptors and changes in intrasynaptic dopamine will be measured by positron emission tomography (PET). The PET data will then be correlated with subjective self-reports of mood, particularly measures of craving. These results will be compared between the two subject groups. This research will help clarify the role of dopamine in cue-elicited responses that contribute to cocaine abuse. Ultimately, the results obtained may lead to the development of anti-craving medications. ;
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