Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Clinical Trial
Official title:
Class II Division 1 Malocclusions Treated With Fixed Lingual Mandibular Growth Modificator (FLMGM): The Mechanism of Sagittal Occlusal Correction
The aim of the current controlled trial was to assess the possible net skeletal and dental
effects of FLMGM treatment in relation to growth with emphasis on the contribution of
skeletal and dental changes to sagittal correction of Cl II/1 malocclusion.
The null hypothesis stated that there were no significant differences in dentoskeletal
changes between FLMGM treated group and control untreated group.
The current study was prospective, controlled, parallel groups, clinical trial conducted at
the department of Orthodontics between May 2009 and June 2011. The protocol of study was
approved by the council of scientific research and postgraduate studies, on the
5/April/2009.
Of the 43 patients initially enrolled, 38 completed this trial and comprised the final
sample, and 5 (4 treated, 1 untreated) were excluded.
The final sample comprised 38 subjects who completed this trial. All patients and parents
gave prior informed consent to their inclusion in the investigation.
Patients of both groups were followed on a parallel basis during a period of 8 months and
the trial included all patients regardless of achievement of a Class I incisor relationship.
All patient of treatment group (n=21) were treated using FLMGM without extractions or any
other form of orthodontic treatment, though the treatment was continued beyond this time
point if the Class II malocclusion was not fully corrected and clinical objectives were not
achieved. On the other hand, no orthodontic treatment was performed during that duration for
the subjects of control group (n=17), and most of control subjects were offered suitable
treatment at a later date.
For each patient, a direct digital lateral cephalogram was taken pre- and post-
treatment/observation using PAX 400 (VATECH CO., Korea) with the same settings. All
cephalograms were digitized on screen by a cursor-driven mouse and analyzed in a blind
manner by the same orthodontist using a commercial cephalometric software (Viewbox, version
3.1.1.13, dHAL Software, Kifissia , Hellas, Greece). All measurements were reduced to life
size (radiographic enlargement of 7.54 % in the median plane).
At the end of the treatment/observation period, sagittal occlusal (SO) analysis, according
to the method of Pancherz modified by Franchi et al, was applied to assess sagittal occlusal
changes and identify the mechanism of Class II correction. Moreover, the total mandibular
length (Condyle-Gnathion) was measured.
The sample was used as a whole and not differentiated by sex. Pretreatment equivalence and
comparison of changes observed in the FLMGM and control groups were tested for significance
with independent-sample t-test using SPSS, version 16.0. Changes occurring during the
examination period in each group were tested with paired-sample t-test. P values of less
than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
To assess the method error, twenty cephalograms were picked at random from the treatment and
control groups and redigitized and analyzed by the same orthodontist after an interval of 1
month, and the combined error of cephalometric method was calculated by Dahlberg's formula.
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Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
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