View clinical trials related to Cigarette Smoking Toxicity.
Filter by:Rationale: The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) aims for a regulatory strategy including the regulation of the contents of tobacco products (Article 9). Cigarette smoke includes more than 7000 chemicals which are harmful and cause tobacco-related diseases. In the future, regulation of these harmful cigarette constituents should be based on more chemical classes, as the WHO suggested. However, in order to introduce such class-based regulation, a scientific base is needed to define upper limits of allowed amounts of chemicals (groups) in cigarette smoke emissions and to ensure decreased harmful health effects due to cigarette smoking. To date, the causality between human exposure to specific cigarette smoke compounds and the harmful effects is unknown. The first step in closing the gap in knowledge between cigarette smoke exposure and developing tobacco-related diseases includes a proper determination of human exposure to cigarette smoke chemicals. This includes measuring smoking topography and inhalation. Smoking topography is how the smoker smokes the cigarette (puff volume, duration, flow etc). The goal is to link smoking behavior to smoke exposure, for 2 different cigarette brands. The participants will smoke their 'normal' brand Marlboro (experimental day 1) after which they receive the low TNCO (tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide) Marlboro Prime to smoke at home. A week later the experimental day (day 2) is repeated with this cigarette. On the last experimental day (day 3), the participants will smoke the Prime cigarette while the ventilation holes of this low-TNCO cigarette are taped. Afterwards, the personal smoking profiles of the participants, and thus their individual exposures, will be mimicked in the lab using machine smoking. The observed smoking topography and inhalation parameters together give information about the exposure to smoke toxicants. In addition, this study is also designed to measure biomarkers of exposure in body fluids of smokers, such as nicotine and the most abundant cigarette smoke chemicals and their metabolites. Objective: We want to find out whether the individual habitudinal smoking topography of a smoker smoking his usual brand, and the changes between cigarettes over the day, can be compared to that of smoking a low-TNCO or high nicotine cigarette (i.e. the Marlboro Prime and Red Sun). In addition, differences in inhalation patterns are investigated. Next to that, the exposure will be connected to the nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in blood and/or urine. Also smoke toxicants (and metabolites) in exhaled air, saliva, urine and blood of smokers are determined. Study design: This prospective observational study monitors smokers in their habitudinal smoking during the day (for 10 hr) while smoking Marlboro, Marlboro Prime and Marlboro Prime taped cigarette, while during the day bodily fluids are sampled at several time points. Study population: This population consists of 18 Caucasian, healthy, adult males, aged between 25-34 years old. Participants should be used to smoke Marlboro (red/regular) for at least 3 years with a daily average of 13 to 25 cigarettes (about a package every day). Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The participating smokers smoke according to their habitudinal smoking pattern, and are therefore not increasingly exposed to the harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. The invasive part of the study is their stay for 3 days (and 1 night when wanted) in a hotel, and the sampling of blood, saliva, urine and exhaled air.
The proposed research will investigate whether smokers with vs. without current at-risk alcohol drinking (ARD) respond to reduced nicotine cigarettes by increasing their alcohol consumption or smoke exposure, thereby diminishing the hypothesized public health benefit of these new products.
This study will examine how menthol affects smoking when menthol smokers switch to non-menthol cigarettes. Participants will smoke their preferred brand (control) or Camel Crush cigarettes, which have the ability to be menthol or non-menthol. Participants given Camel Crush cigarettes will smoke them as menthol, then non-menthol cigarettes for 15 days each. Participants will provide breath and urine samples, track cigarette usage and complete smoking topography assessments of smoking behavior.