| Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Male or female, between 18 and 75 years of age, inclusive.
2. Body mass index (BMI) between 19 and 42 kg/m2, inclusive.
3. Has severe CKD, defined as eGFR =15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and =29 mL/min/1.73 m2 based on the
IDMS traceable15 MDRD equation, according to laboratory results at Screening (non-HD
patients only [Part 1]). Patients with a prior history of greater than 2 weeks of
dialysis in the past and who have dialyzed in the 6 months prior to dosing on Day 1
will be excluded. Patients who have had temporary dialysis for acute kidney injury
will be allowed at the discretion of the Investigator.
4. Serum potassium between 3.3 and 4.8 mmol/L, inclusive, at both Screening and Check-in
(Day -1) (non-HD patients only [Part 1]). One repeat test will be allowed to exclude
lab error or hemolyzed samples.
5. Is on a hemodialysis schedule for at least 45 days with KT/V =1.2 for end-stage renal
disease (ESRD) regardless of the etiology including diabetes, with an average 3
hemodialysis sessions per week (HD patients only [Part 2]).
6. Is a nonsmoker or light smoker (smokes fewer than 10 cigarettes per day). Alcohol
addressed in exclusion.
7. Female patients cannot be pregnant or lactating/breast-feeding and will either be
postmenopausal (female patients who state they are postmenopausal should have had
cessation of menses for >1 year and have serum follicle stimulating hormone [FSH]
levels >40 mIU/mL and estradiol <20 pg/mL, surgically sterile (including bilateral
tubal ligation, salpingectomy [with or without oophorectomy], surgical hysterectomy,
or bilateral oophorectomy [with or without hysterectomy]) for at least 3 months prior
to Screening, or will agree to use, from the time of Check-in (Day -1) until 90 days
following the last dose of study drug, the following forms of contraception:
double-barrier method, hormonal contraceptives, barrier with spermicide, diaphragm or
cervical cap with spermicide, intrauterine device, oral, implantable, or injectable
contraceptives, or a sterile sexual partner. All female patients will have a negative
urine or serum pregnancy test result prior to enrollment in the study.
8. Male patients will either be surgically sterile or agree to use, from the time of
Check-in (Day -1) until 90 days following the last dose of study drug, the following
forms of contraception: male condom with spermicide and a female partner who is
sterile or agrees to use hormonal contraceptives, female condom with spermicide,
diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide, intrauterine device, oral, implantable, or
injectable contraceptives. Male patients will refrain from sperm donation from the
time of Check-in (Day -1) until 90 days following the last dose of study drug.
9. Is capable of understanding the written informed consent, provides signed and
witnessed written informed consent, and agrees to comply with protocol requirements.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. History of any prior or concomitant clinical condition or acute and/or unstable
systemic disease compromising patient inclusion, at the discretion of the
Investigator.
2. Has a history or presence of clinically significant (CS) cardiovascular, pulmonary,
hepatic, gallbladder or biliary tract, hematologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine,
immunologic, dermatologic, neurologic, or psychiatric disease, which in the
Investigator's opinion would not be suitable for the study from patient safety
consideration and could interfere the results of the trial.
3. History of CS hypotension during the 6 months prior to the dose of study drug on Day 1
as determined by the Investigator.
4. History of symptomatic intradialytic hypotension as determined by the Investigator
(mild to moderate decrease in blood pressure during dialysis is allowed; HD patients
only [Part 2]).
5. History of CS hyperkalemia while on an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,
angiotensin receptor blocker, direct renin inhibitor, and/or MRA.
6. Hospitalization for hyperkalemia during the last 6 months prior to the dose of study
drug on Day 1 or hyperkalemia >5.5 mmol/L during the 2 weeks prior to the Screening
visit.
7. History of stroke within 3 months prior to the dose of study drug on Day 1.
8. History of cardiac transplant.
9. History of severe uncontrolled arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, or acute
coronary syndrome within 3 months prior to the dose of study drug on Day 1.
10. Clinical diagnosis of heart failure and persistent symptoms (New York Heart
Association Class II to IV) at either the Screening visit or at Check-in (Day 1).
11. History of stomach or intestinal surgery (except that cholecystectomy, appendectomy,
and/or hernia repair will be allowed).
12. History of prescription drug abuse, illicit drug use, or alcohol abuse according to
medical history within 6 months prior to the Screening visit or any alcohol use or for
at least 48 hours prior to dosing on Day 1.
13. History of clinically significant acute or chronic hepatitis (including infectious,
metabolic, autoimmune, genetic, ischemic, or other forms), hepatocirrhosis, or hepatic
tumors.
14. Positive blood screen for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface
antigen (HbsAg), or hepatitis C (HCV) antibody. If a patient with Severe renal
impairment or on HD has positive test results for HCV antibody but liver function
tests are otherwise not CS, the patient may be included at the Investigator's
discretion.
15. Clinically significant abnormal liver function test at screening or Check-in (Day -1),
defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5
times upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin >ULN.
16. Recent (within 3 month prior to the dose of study drug on Day 1) or planned coronary
revascularization by angioplasty or cardiovascular surgery (excluding HD vascular
access).
17. Kidney transplant scheduled within the year.
18. Systolic blood pressure <90 or >200 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure <60 or >110
mmHg during the Screening visit and before the dose of study drug on Day 1; may be
repeated at the discretion of the Investigator.
19. Positive screen for alcohol or drugs of abuse (except for patients with a positive
drug screen test if it is a result of a prescribed medication from their physician) at
Screening and Check-in (Day -1). Hemodialysis patients will be tested with serum drug
screen at Screening and using salivary testing at Check-in (Day -1).
20. Female is pregnant or breastfeeding within 2 years prior to the dose of study drug on
Day 1 or positive pregnancy test (serum/urine) result during the Screening visit and
before the dose of study drug on Day 1. Patients who have a false positive test
attributable to their post-menopausal state or kidney disease, as determined by the
Investigator, will be allowed to participate.
21. Has a known hypersensitivity to KBP-5074, aldosterone antagonists, or related
compounds.
22. Receipt of any other investigational product within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever
is longer) prior to the dose of study drug on Day 1.
23. Currently on a MRA (eg, spironolactone, eplerenone) or potassium sparing diuretics
(eg, amiloride, triamterene).
24. Concomitant use of or treatment with any prescription drugs, herbal products,
vitamins, minerals, and over-the-counter medications within 14 days prior to Check in
(Day -1) and during the study. Exceptions may be made on a case by case basis
following discussion and agreement between the Investigator and the Sponsor. Patients
requiring HD (Part 2) may continue to receive routine medications (including vitamins,
antidepressants, antihypertensive, and low dose aspirin) to maintain their stable
medication regimen.
25. Use of any nutrients known to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A activity (based on the
KBP-5074 metabolic pathway) or any strong or moderate inhibitors or inducers of
CYP3A4, starting from 14 days prior to dose administration on Day 1 until the final
end of study assessments, including but not limited to the following: inhibitors such
as ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, atazanavir, erythromycin,
clarithromycin, ranitidine, cimetidine, verapamil, and diltiazem and inducers such as
rifampicin, rifabutin, glucocorticoids, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and
St. John's wort.
26. Participated in strenuous exercise from 48 hours prior to Check-in (Day -1) or during
the study through the final end of study assessment.
27. Has donated or lost a significant volume (>500 mL) of blood or plasma within 30 days
prior to Check-in (Day -1).
28. Is an employee or family member of the Investigator or study site personnel.
29. Has problems understanding the protocol requirements, instructions, study related
restrictions, and/or problems understanding the nature, scope, and potential
consequences of participating in this clinical study.
30. Is unlikely to comply with the protocol requirements, instructions, and/or study
related restrictions (eg, uncooperative attitude, unavailable for follow up call,
and/or improbability of completing the clinical study).
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