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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Enrolling by invitation

Administrative data

NCT number NCT06119282
Other study ID # The Effect of Aromatherapy
Secondary ID
Status Enrolling by invitation
Phase N/A
First received
Last updated
Start date June 1, 2022
Est. completion date May 28, 2024

Study information

Verified date March 2024
Source Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This study was organized as a randomized controlled trial. The sample was calculated as 120 (Control: 60, Experiment 1:30 Experiment 2:30). Primiparous cesarean section women will be evaluated for pain, postpartum comfort and anxiety levels by using lavender oil, tangerine oil and vetiver oil. The first group will be given inhaler application, the second group will be massage and aromatherapy application. The third group will be the control group.


Description:

1. Essential Oils and Preparation Steps: Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, who has a Phytotherapy Certificate approved by the Ministry of Health, in the selection of essential oils, the creation and dilution of the essential mixture. Instructor Consultancy was received from its member Ayşe Şeyma Küçükakça. 2. Preparation of Essential Mixture: It should be preferred to use essential oils as a mixture rather than using them alone. The reason for this is to benefit from the synergy created by essential oils. While a mixture of 5 essential oils is preferred in general use, a maximum of 3 essential oils are used after delivery. Note system is used to create synergy between essential oils. The mixture is created by choosing 1 oil from the top note, middle note and bottom note oils. In the essential blend, the first to be smelled is the top note, the middle note is followed by the top note, and the last is the bottom note. The effect of the oils in the mixture is revealed by the heat, and the effect of the oils in the bottom note is revealed. While creating the essential mixture, essential oils with the same effect are preferred to support the desired effect, and top notes can be used to lighten the aroma of these two oils. Mandarin (Citrus Nobilis): Top note is citrus essential oil. It has antimicrobial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, sleep quality-enhancing, antidepressant, anxiety and stress relieving properties. There is no known side effects. However, exposure to sunlight should be avoided until 12 hours after the application. It can be used with 3%-50% dilution. It creates synergy with lavender and vetiver. Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia): Middle note is a floral essential oil. Its effects are analgesic, supportive of skin health, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, relaxant, antipyretic, improving sleep quality, balancing blood pressure, antidepressant, reducing stress, fear and anxiety, and helps panic attacks. There is no known side effects. It can be used in 5%-pure form. Vetiver creates synergy with Mandarin. Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanoides): Vetiver is woody essential oil from the base notes. Its effects are analgesic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, helping cell regeneration, antispasmodic, improving sleep quality, reducing anxiety and stress, increasing focus and concentration, antidepressant, helping anger control and helping to get rid of negative emotions such as fear. There is no known side effects. It can be used with 5%-50% dilution. It creates synergy with lavender and tangerine. Grape Seed Oil: It is a carrier oil suitable for all skin types. It is antiallergic. It has skin moisturizing properties. It is odorless, tasteless and easily absorbed. It has antioxidant properties. It contains high amount of vitamin E. It helps wound healing and cell regeneration. It has anti-inflammatory and calming properties. 3. Dilution of Essential Oils: Essential oils should be diluted with carrier oils. The dilution rate is recommen*ded as 1% for children and 2% for adults. The base oil to be used in dilution is 1% dilution rate as 3 drops of essential oil per 5 ml of base oil. The essential oils to be used in the research will be applied by diluting 1% in order to be easy to tolerate and to reduce the possibility of reaction. 3 drops of tangerine, 2 drops of lavender and 1 drop of vetiver will be added to 10 ml of grape seed oil. As tangerine is the top note, its volatility is high. Therefore, 3 drops will be used. Lavender is the middle note essential oil and again volatile. 2 drops will be added to the essential mixture. Vetiver is a base oil. It is more permanent. Therefore, 1 drop will be used. 4. Inhaler Administration Guide: After the cesarean section, at the 8th hour postpartum, the VAS/GCA is evaluated, 4 drops of carrier oil are dropped on the upper and lower parts of the wick of the aroma stick, and then 15-20 drops of the prepared essential mixture are dropped and the woman is explained about its use. By the 8th hour of the postop, 4*1 women are allowed to sniff. Before the application, the 30th and 60th minutes VAS/GOC, vital parameters are evaluated. 5. Massage Application Guide: When the studies conducted with the massage method are examined, back massage is applied for 10-30 minutes. Considering the working conditions of the institution, it is thought that a 10-minute massage may be sufficient for the application. The massage application is started at the postpartum 8th hour and applied for 10 minutes on the postoperative 0th day 1*1, 2 times on the postoperative 1st and 2nd days when the woman feels ready. 30 and 60 minutes before application. then VAS/GCS, vital parameters are monitored. Before the Application; A room with an average temperature of 25 °C and far from noise is arranged for the massage. An examination table, chair or patient bed of appropriate width (60-65 cm) and height (70-80 cm) is used for the procedure. After the postpartum woman is brought to a comfortable position, she is given a side lying/inverted sitting position on the chair and the abdominal region is supported. The patient's clothing is removed from his shoulders to the sacral region, exposing his back. If the patient's body is damp and sweaty, it is wiped with a paper towel. Hands are washed and warmed by rubbing against each other. According to the patient's back area, 2-4 ml of essential oil, which has been approximately warmed by the bain-marie method, is taken into the palm of the hand and applied to the patient's back and massaged. Massage begins in the direction of the heart and by following the direction of the muscle fibers. 6. Control Group Follow-up Guide: Pregnant women included in the control group will be left to clinical care, and pain and vital parameters will be monitored starting from the 8th postoperative hour. The scales applied to the experimental groups will be applied on the 2nd postoperative day. Women in the control group who completed the study will be informed about the postpartum use of aromatherapy. Women who want aromatherapy application will be directed to GETAT center.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Enrolling by invitation
Enrollment 120
Est. completion date May 28, 2024
Est. primary completion date March 20, 2024
Accepts healthy volunteers Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Gender Female
Age group 18 Years to 45 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria - Being able to speak, read and write Turkish, - Agree to work with selected essential oils, - Over 18 years of age and volunteering to participate in the study, - Being nulliparous - Not having a previous surgical operation history, - Not to be a risky pregnancy (HT, Gestational diabetes, asthma, etc.), - No emergency cesarean section complication (EDT, pregnant with bleeding, etc.), - Not allergic to aromatherapy oils to be applied, - Presence of sense of smell. Exclusion Criteria: - Wanting to stop working - Complications during/after cesarean section, - Being multiparous

Study Design


Intervention

Other:
inhaler
Experimental: After the cesarean section, at the 8th hour postpartum, the VAS/GCA is evaluated, 4 drops of carrier oil are dropped on the upper and lower parts of the wick of the aroma stick, and then 15-20 drops of the prepared essential mixture are dropped and the woman is explained about its use. By the 8th hour of the postop, 4*1 women are allowed to sniff. Before the application, the 30th and 60th minutes VAS/GOC, vital parameters are evaluated.
Control Group
Control Group Pregnant women included in the control group will be left to clinical care, and pain and vital parameters will be monitored starting from the 8th postoperative hour. The scales applied to the experimental groups will be applied on the 2nd postoperative day. Women in the control group who completed the study will be informed about the postpartum use of aromatherapy. Women who want aromatherapy application will be directed to GETAT center.
massage
Experimental: Test Massage When the studies conducted with the massage method are examined, back massage is applied for 10-30 minutes. Considering the working conditions of the institution, it is thought that a 10-minute massage may be sufficient for the application. The massage application is started at the postpartum 8th hour and applied for 10 minutes on the postoperative 0th day 1*1, 2 times on the postoperative 1st and 2nd days when the woman feels ready. 30 and 60 minutes before application. then VAS/GCS, vital parameters are monitored.

Locations

Country Name City State
Turkey Istanbul Training and Research Hospital Istanbul Fatih

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa (IUC)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (22)

Aydin Yildirim T, Kitis Y. The Effect of Aromatherapy Application on Cognitive Functions and Daytime Sleepiness in Older Adults Living in a Nursing Home. Holist Nurs Pract. 2020 Mar/Apr;34(2):83-90. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000371. — View Citation

Ayik C. Ameliyat Öncesi Dönemde Aromaterapi Masajinin Anksiyete Ve Uyku Kalitesine Etkisinin Incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016.

Bilgiç S. Hemsirelikte Holistik Bir Uygulama; Aromaterapi. Namik Kemal Tip Dergisi, 2017; 5(3): 134-141.

Boz I, Selvi N. Dogum Sonu Dönemde Iyi Bakim Uygulamalari: Kanitlarla Tamamlayici Terapiler. Anadolu Hemsirelik ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016;19: 25-32.

Cankaya S, Ratwisch G. The Effect of Reflexology on Lactation and Postpartum Comfort in Caesarean-Delivery Primiparous Mothers: A Randomized Controlled Study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2020 Jun;26(3):e12824. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12824. Epub 2020 Feb 20. — View Citation

Çapik A, Özkan H, Ejder Apay S. Logusalarin dogum sonu konfor düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemsirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi. 2014;7(3):186-192.

Cutshall SM, Wentworth LJ, Engen D, Sundt TM, Kelly RF, Bauer BA. Effect of massage therapy on pain, anxiety, and tension in cardiac surgical patients: a pilot study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010 May;16(2):92-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.10.006. Epub 2009 Nov 14. — View Citation

Einion A. Aromatherapy in midwifery practice. Pract Midwife. 2016 May;19(5):12, 14-5. — View Citation

Hajibagheri A, Babaii A, Adib-Hajbaghery M. Effect of Rosa damascene aromatherapy on sleep quality in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2014 Aug;20(3):159-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 14. — View Citation

Johnson K, West T, Diana S, Todd J, Haynes B, Bernhardt J, Johnson R. Use of aromatherapy to promote a therapeutic nurse environment. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017 Jun;40:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Feb 23. — View Citation

Karaman Özlü Z, Soydan S, Çapik A, ve ark. Sezaryen ameliyati olan lohusalarda progresif gevseme egzersizlerini agri kontrolü üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Hemsirelik ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi.2016;19(1):58-64.

Kaufmann C. Aromatic Alchemy For Well-Being. New York; The Country Man Press, 2018.

Kavurmaci M, Tan M. Üremik kasinti ve aromaterapi uygulamasi. Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2014;3(1):674-82.

Keshavarz Afshar M, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Taghizadeh Z, Bekhradi R, Montazeri A, Mokhtari P. Lavender fragrance essential oil and the quality of sleep in postpartum women. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015 Apr 25;17(4):e25880. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.17(4)2015.25880. eCollection 2015 Apr. — View Citation

Lee HJ, Ko YL. Back massage intervention for relieving lower back pain in puerperal women: A randomized control trial study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015 May;21 Suppl 2:32-7. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12299. — View Citation

Ovayolu Ö. Kemoterapi alan meme kanserli kadinlara uygulanan aromaterapinin semptomlara ve yasam kalitesine etkisi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemsirelik Anabilim Dali. Doktora Tezi. 2011; Kayseri.3.

Özdemir H, Öztunç G. Hemsirelik uygulamalarinda aromaterapi. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemsirelik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2013;5(2):98-104.

Rathfisch G. Kadin Sagliginda Klinik Aromaterapi. Adana; Çukurova Nobel Tip, 2019.

Sahin N, Aydin D, Akay B. Hemsirelik Ögrencilerinin Bütüncül Tamamlayici Ve Alternatif Tibba Karsi Tutumlarinin Degerlendirilmesi. Balikesir Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019; 8(1):21-26.

Simsek Elmali H, Alpar Ecevit S. Sezaryen Sonrasi Agri ve Hemsirelik Bakimi. IGUSABDER, 2020: 11; 267-278.

Ueki S, Niinomi K, Takashima Y, Kimura R, Komai K, Murakami K, Fujiwara C. Effectiveness of aromatherapy in decreasing maternal anxiety for a sick child undergoing infusion in a paediatric clinic. Complement Ther Med. 2014 Dec;22(6):1019-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Sep 30. — View Citation

Zor M, Küçükkelepçe Simsek D, Gölbasi Z. Türkiye'de aromaterapinin etkisine yönelik yapilan hemsirelik tezlerinin incelenmesi. Türk J. Clin. Lab. 2021; 1: 77-94.

* Note: There are 22 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Visual analog scale (VAS) Operationally a VAS is usually a horizontal line, 100 mm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end.
The patient marks on the line the point that they feel represents their perception of their current state. Min: 0, Max: 10
2 days
Primary State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Spielberger, like Raymond Cattell and others before him, made the conceptual distinction between chronic or trait anxiety (a general propensity to be anxious) and temporary or state anxiety (a temporary state varying in intensity). min.: 20- max.: 80 2 days
Primary Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ) It is decided that the developed PPCQ is a clinically reliable instrument to measure the postpartum comfort of the mothers who give birth. min: 34, Max: 170 2 days
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