Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Completed
Administrative data
| NCT number |
NCT06009120 |
| Other study ID # |
Eysan Hanzade Savas |
| Secondary ID |
|
| Status |
Completed |
| Phase |
N/A
|
| First received |
|
| Last updated |
|
| Start date |
December 1, 2022 |
| Est. completion date |
July 31, 2023 |
Study information
| Verified date |
August 2023 |
| Source |
Koç University |
| Contact |
n/a |
| Is FDA regulated |
No |
| Health authority |
|
| Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Breastfeeding education based on the theory of psychosexual development is important as it
addresses the social and psychological significance of childhood and the impact of early
childhood experiences on later social anxieties and psychosexual well-being. However, no
theory-based breastfeeding education given to the mothers was found in the literature.
Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of breastfeeding education on infant
feeding attitudes and knowledge of primiparous mothers, in line with the theory of
psychosocial development.
Description:
Breastfeeding is known to play a health-enhancing and disease-preventive role for both the
mother and the baby. While it is recognized to reduce postpartum blood loss in mothers and
provide protection against conditions like depression, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
breast & ovarian cancer; for infants, it is noted that breastfeeding offers protection
against many infectious diseases due to the antibodies it, reduces sudden infant deaths and
decreases mortality under the age of five [6]. However, despite these benefits, breastfeeding
rates have not yet reached desired levels in many countries today.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend
that during the first six months, infants should be exclusively breastfed, avoiding the use
of water, other liquids, supplementary foods/formula, and solid foods.In our country,
according to the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey 2018 data, the rate of exclusive
breastfeeding during the first six months is 41%. Among these mothers, it has been determined
that 41.7% of them provide their babies with additional liquids/foods other than breast milk
within the first three days after birth. Contrary to recommendations, the use of additional
liquids/foods in the early days increases the risk of discontinuing breastfeeding before six
months by threefold.
Regardless of medical reasons, the main reasons for the consumption of supplementary
foods/formula in the early days include the baby's frequent hunger cues and the mother's
concern that her milk might not be sufficient. Additionally, the physiological weight loss
that newborns experience in the first few days after birth further supports and amplifies
mothers' concerns of "not having enough milk." After the 3rd to 5th day following birth, as
milk production advances in the mother's body, the subsequent process involves milk becoming
fattier and the baby beginning to gain weight. Therefore, it is crucial for mothers to be
properly informed about this process, including the baby's behaviors and the content of the
milk.
In addition to these physiological changes, Freud has developed a theory on psychosexual
development. At the core of the theory lies a pleasurable pursuit for bodily sensations and
control. The period from birth to one year of age is referred to as the "Oral Stage" in that
theory. During this period, it is emphasized that the newborn starts to explore the world
orally and derives satisfaction/pleasure from sucking behavior. Examples of this are finger
sucking, pacifier use, and the behavior of putting any object they hold into their mouth,
commonly observed in babies. These are typical processes of a healthy newborn and a
developing baby within the context of psychosexual development over time. Hence, infants can
exhibit hunger cues not only to satisfy their hunger but also for the purpose of experiencing
pleasure. However, no study in the literature has directly correlated this information with
newborn-sucking behavior. Current research underscores the need for effective interventions
with proper timing and highlights that primiparous mothers tend to have greater concerns
about insufficient milk than multiparous mothers. Proper guidance and information about
physiological processes are crucial for acquiring breastfeeding behavior. In this study, in
line with Freud's psychosexual development theory, the impact of breastfeeding education
provided after childbirth on primiparous mothers' feeding attitudes and behaviors has been
investigated.
