Bone Turnover Rate Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
Early Bone Turnover Markers in Relation to Parenteral Nutrition Regimens
Evaluation of changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Fat profile. Evaluation of the overall body development. Assessment of parenteral nutrition protocols.
Osteopenia is very common in premature infants, particularly in preterm infants born at
extremely low birth weight This is probably related to inadequate calcium and phosphorus
intake, which is considerably less than the accretion of these minerals during the last
trimester of pregnancy In addition, severe morbidity during the neonatal period (e.g.
bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]), chronic drug therapy (e.g. diuretics and systemic
steroids), the need for total parenteral nutrition and prolonged immobility increase the risk
of bone demineralization.
Total parenteral nutrition is associated with osteopenia in preterm infants. Insufficient
calcium and phosphate are likely causes; aluminum contamination is another possible
contributing factor as this adversely affects bone formation and mineralization.
The DHA+ARA-supplemented formulas supported normal growth and bone mineralization in
premature infants who were born at <33 wk gestation. Smof lipid emulsion has a high density
of this fatty acids, while Intra lipid does not contain any traces of DHA. Evidence has shown
that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the ω-3 fatty acids such as
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial for bone health and
turnover.
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