Endoscopic Therapy for Bleeding Marginal Ulcers After Gastric Bypass

Bleeding Marginal Ulcer Clinical Trial

— BleedingMU  

Official title:

Endoscopic Therapy for Actively Bleeding Marginal Ulcers: Our Experience After 7,020 Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgeries

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01040416
• Other study ID #: CMC IRB No. 2008081
• Secondary ID: U1111-1112-9849
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: December 23, 2009
• Last updated: December 28, 2009
• Start date: December 2008
• Est. completion date: December 2009

Study information

• Verified date: December 2009
• Source: University of California, San Francisco
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Institutional Review Board
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The objective of this study is to identify the incidence rate; describe the risk factors, clinical presentation, and endoscopic treatment; assess the morbidity, mortality, and overall performance of the management of patients with actively bleeding marginal ulcers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Description:

Marginal ulceration "MU", which presents as an ulcer at the margins of the gastrojejunostomy on the jejunal side, is a common late complication after RYGB. Its incidence after RYGB ranges from as low as 0.6 to as high as 16%. In our hands with the laparoscopic hand-sewn technique for the GJ, the incidence is 1.4%. The presence of specific technical factors - staple-line dehiscence or gastro-gastric fistula, enlarged pouch, foreign material and local ischemia - and environmental factors - tobacco, NSAID´s, alcohol consumption, and H pylori infection among others - have been associated with marginal ulceration however the exact etiopathogenesis has not been completely elucidated.

Similar to peptic ulcer disease (PUD), most marginal ulcers respond to medical therapy, specifically sucralfate and acid-lowering medication. In contrast, complicated marginal ulcers - perforation, bleeding, or chronicity (obstruction, penetration, and intractability)- warrants operative intervention.

Early presentation of hemorrhage after RYGB is mostly related to staple-line failure and may result in either GI or intraabdominal hemorrhage. When indicated, operative interventions consist of either endoscopic therapy, re-operation, or both. In contrast, late presentation of gastrointestinal hemorrhage after RYGB is mostly secondary to a bleeding marginal ulcer however complicated peptic ulcer disease can present in the excluded stomach and duodenum as well.

Most literature available for the management of GI hemorrhage after RYGB is for the early presentation of hemorrhage secondary to staple-line failure. Hence, options for endoscopic hemostatic therapy described in this scenario are I) injection therapy, II) coagulation therapy, III) endoscopic clipping, and IV) a combined modality (for example injection & coagulation or injection and clipping).

The feasibility, reliability, reproducibility, efficacy, validity and safety of the endoscopic hemostatic therapy for acutely bleeding peptic ulcers has been well documented. Multiple risk-stratification tools for upper-GI hemorrhage have also been developed such as the Blatchford, clinical and complete Rockall scores, and the Forrest classification. Moreover, pre and post endoscopic schemes of PPI´s therapy in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers is effective and cost-saving. However, All of them have not been validated in the obese population status post RYGB complicated with a bleeding marginal ulcer.

Summarizing, there is scant information about the management of late complications after gastric bypass especially after the widespread adoption of the laparoscopic approach and the modern anatomical construct of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass surgery. We formally analyze the management efficacy of patients with actively bleeding marginal ulcers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 45
• Est. completion date: December 2009
• Est. primary completion date: December 2009
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients status post laparoscopic RYGB surgery with active gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to marginal ulcer

Exclusion Criteria:

• bleeding marginal ulcers after other bariatric procedures

• staple-line bleeding after RYGB

• iron-deficiency anemia (chronic) secondary to non-actively bleeding marginal ulcer after RYGB

• other sources of GI bleeding different from marginal ulcer such as from staple-lines, complicated PUD, and other surgical and medical causes of GI hemorrhage

• missing records and/or unreachable patients with scant information for analysis

Study Design

Observational Model: Cohort, Time Perspective: Retrospective

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Bleeding Marginal Ulcer
• Hemorrhage
• Peptic Ulcer
• Ulcer

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	UCSF Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research	Fresno	California

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of California, San Francisco

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (34)

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Meguid MM, Glade MJ, Middleton FA. Weight regain after Roux-en-Y: a significant 20% complication related to PYY. Nutrition. 2008 Sep;24(9):832-42. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.06.027. Review. — View Citation

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Nguyen NT, Hinojosa MW, Gray J, Fayad C. Reoperation for marginal ulceration. Surg Endosc. 2007 Nov;21(11):1919-21. Epub 2007 Aug 19. Review. — View Citation

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Patel RA, Brolin RE, Gandhi A. Revisional operations for marginal ulcer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009 May-Jun;5(3):317-22. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.10.011. Epub 2008 Nov 6. — View Citation

Sacks BC, Mattar SG, Qureshi FG, Eid GM, Collins JL, Barinas-Mitchell EJ, Schauer PR, Ramanathan RC. Incidence of marginal ulcers and the use of absorbable anastomotic sutures in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006 Jan-Feb;2(1):11-6. — View Citation

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Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, Karason K, Larsson B, Wedel H, Lystig T, Sullivan M, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, Bengtsson C, Dahlgren S, Gummesson A, Jacobson P, Karlsson J, Lindroos AK, Lönroth H, Näslund I, Olbers T, Stenlöf K, Torgerson J, Agren G, Carlsson LM; Swedish Obese Subjects Study. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 23;357(8):741-52. — View Citation

St Jean MR, Dunkle-Blatter SE, Petrick AT. Laparoscopic management of perforated marginal ulcer after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2006 Nov-Dec;2(6):668. — View Citation

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* Note: There are 34 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Morbidity and mortality, overall		throughout follow-up	Yes
Primary	re-bleeding, gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to marginal ulceration		throughout follow-up	Yes
Primary	marginal ulcer recurrence		at last follow-up	Yes
Primary	Symptom resolution, marginal ulcer		at last follow-up	No
Secondary	consumption of blood products		during bleeding-related hospitalization	No
Secondary	weight loss expressed as Body Mass Index and Percentage excess weight loss		at the lowest point and yearly intervals	No

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