Balance — Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Balance
Citation(s)
Elsner B, Kwakkel G, Kugler J, Mehrholz J Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for improving capacity in activities and arm function after stroke: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2017 Sep 13;14(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12984-017-0301-7.
Hayduk-Costa G, Drummond NM, Carlsen AN Anodal tDCS over SMA decreases the probability of withholding an anticipated action. Behav Brain Res. 2013 Nov 15;257:208-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.030. Epub 2013 Sep 21.
Hupfeld KE, Ketcham CJ, Schneider HD Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the supplementary motor area (SMA) influences performance on motor tasks. Exp Brain Res. 2017 Mar;235(3):851-859. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4848-5. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
Peterka RJ Sensorimotor integration in human postural control. J Neurophysiol. 2002 Sep;88(3):1097-118. doi: 10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1097.
The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Balance on Supplementary Motor Area and Cerebellum in Healthy Individuals
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
