View clinical trials related to Attitudes.
Filter by:This cluster randomized controlled trial will evaluate a community-based bicycle safety education program with and without an in-person parent training component. The investigators will recruit 180 early adolescent bicyclists (ages 9 to 12) and a parent/guardian from local neighborhood centers after school and summer programs, where the investigators have conducted preliminary studies. Randomization into the three study groups will occur at the site-level. Adolescent bicycles in all study group sites will be equipped with Pedal Portal, an innovative bicycle-mounted GPS/video system developed by the research team to objectively observe bicycling risk exposure and behaviors while bicycling. System data will be coded to measure bicycling exposure (hours, miles traveled, routes) and the types and rates of safety-relevant events (near crashes, crashes), and safety-relevant behaviors (e.g., following traffic rules, scanning for traffic at intersections). This will be the first randomized trial to use GPS and video technology to evaluate the effectiveness of a youth bicycle safety intervention in changing behavior. The control group will not receive any bicycle safety education programming. Participants in the first intervention group (Bike Club) will receive a 12-hour bicycle safety education program. Participants in the second intervention group (Bike Club Plus) will receive an enhanced version of the 12-hour bicycle safety education program which will include a parent training session on bicycling safety best practices, child development as it relates to bicycling, strategies for practice at home, and feedback on their adolescent's bicycling performance. The investigators' main hypotheses are that adolescents who receive the bicycle safety intervention will have increased safety behaviors (e.g., helmet use, hazard recognition), reduced errors (e.g., riding against traffic, swerving/wobbling), and increased knowledge, perceptions, and self-efficacy compared to the control group; and adolescents whose parent receives the parent training will have even greater improvements in study outcomes than those whose parents do not receive the training. If successful, approaches from this study could be widely implemented to improve adolescent bicycling safety.
The proposed qualitative inquiry seeks to understand medical acupuncture from both the physician and the patient perspective. Interviewees will be asked to describe their experiences from the point of diagnosis or training up until the present day to capture the nature of their experiences across the treatment trajectory. Sample size for the qualitative data collection will be based on saturation of themes (thematic findings, e.g., patient talk is limited by family knowledge or physician-patient communication is limited by time constraints in the clinical setting), meaning investigators will continue recruitment until they are no longer hearing new experiences from participants. Saturation will be kept separate by groups (i.e., saturation of themes must be met within the group of patients separately from providers). Investigators will conduct preliminary data analysis after each 10 interviews to determine when saturation is reached. Recruitment numbers here are anticipated maximum numbers needed to reach saturation. Investigators plan to recruit and sample provider and patient populations in the following way. Investigators will group physicians by the physician's training so that we are sensitive to the fact that helpful patient-physician interaction approaches may differ across the patient's lifespan or with patient or physician experience with acupuncture. Audio recordings from each interview will be professionally transcribed and analysis will be concurrent with data collection to ensure reliability and validity of findings. Investigators will review transcripts as data are collected to identify emergent themes and ensure thematic saturation.