Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain
- Background: Recent studies have linked exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) to
neurodevelopmental outcomes but the findings are mixed and mechanisms are unclear. We
aim to determine the impact of PM on the developing brain of schoolchildren in Poland, a
European country characterized by very high levels of air pollution. The investigators
aim to determine the impact of PM on the developing brain of schoolchildren in Poland, a
European country characterized by very high levels of air pollution.
- Study area: 19 towns in three voivodeships (Lesser Poland, Silesian, Opole) in the
southern Poland. To reduce confounding by urbanicity and at the same time, to achieve
sufficient contrasts in PM levels without too high logistic costs, towns were selected
by size (big and small) and by PM levels (high, medium and low).
- Design: Case-control study with 800 children recruited over two school years, with two
population controls per one ADHD case. Suspected cases will be recruited in specialized
facilities and presumably ADHD-free children will be recruited in primary schools.
- Exposure assessment: Poland-wide PM and other air pollutants' grids will be created for
the years 2006 to 2021 using statistical models to incorporate land use data, estimates
from transport models, satellite observations and air pollution measurements from Polish
monitoring network. Prenatal, early-life, lifelong and concurrent exposures will be
calculated.
- Psychological testing: Every child and their parents will complete a series of
psychological tests and interviews that will be conducted during their three visits to
the recruitment facility.
- Neuroimaging: Each participant will undergo a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning
session that will be performed accordingly to the Human Connectome Adolescent Brain
Cognitive Development project recommendations. Scanning will be performed on a single
scanner in Krakow.
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