Athletic Performance Clinical Trial
Official title:
Ingestion of Maple Products During Exercise: Effects on Energy Metabolism and Time-trial Performance
The purpose of this study is to compare the acute metabolic responses and time-trial performance following the ingestion of carbohydrate solutions containing either maple syrup, maple sap, corn syrup, a commercial sport drink or water.
The study will require 4 meetings for each subject: a 30-minute meeting to explain the
project; a meeting of 2 hours (glucose tolerance test, at rest); a one-hour meeting (maximum
oxygen consumption test (VO2max) during an exercise conducted on an electromagnetically
braked cycle ergometer, and a meeting of about 4 hours for experimentation (120-min exercise
on a stationary bicycle with ingestion of a solution carbohydrates or sweetened water, and a
20-km time trial).
Visit #1 - Pre-participation (screening visit) Following an initial contact by phone or
email, the subject will be invited to individual meetings which will last about 15 minutes.
During the meeting, one of the project managers will check the eligibility of the potential
subject in the study and, if eligible, will present him the details of the protocol
specifying the discomforts and risks involved. The participant will be required to fill a
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and will be given a copy of the consent
form. We will request the name and contact details of a person to contact in case of
emergency, this information will be recorded and preserved in the subject matter. A period of
at least three days will be allocated to make the decision whether to participate in the
study or not. If the participant decides to participate in the study, he will be invited for
the second visit (oral glucose tolerance test) and on this occasion will sign the consent
form.
Visit #2 - Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) This test will be performed at Exercise
Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal under
the procedure commonly used for these tests. This procedure requires the ingestion of 300 mL
of water containing 75 g of glucose in the morning (around 8am) after 12 hours of fasting,
and blood samples and on the tip of a finger at 0, 60 and 120 minutes for the measurement of
blood glucose. Subjects with higher blood glucose than 5 mmol/L before ingestion of glucose
and greater than 8 mmol/L after ingestion (60 or 120 min) will not be considered for the
study. These glucose tolerance standards are more stringent than those of the World Health
Organization, because the objective of this test is not a diagnosis on glucose tolerance or a
prognosis of its future development, but just n include in the study subjects who have good
glucose tolerance.
Visit #3 - Maximum oxygen uptake testing: cycling VO2max This test will be conducted in the
Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of kinesiology from the University of
Montreal. Exercise involves pedaling a stationary bike at a power output (resistance)
gradually increasing until reaching VO2max. During the execution of the test, the subject is
wearing surface electrodes to measure heart rate, a mouthpiece and nose clip to measure the
volume of expired gas as well as the oxygen and carbon dioxide content to determine the
consumption oxygen and carbon dioxide production. This type of testing is routinely used in
our laboratory. The test can be stopped at any time by the will of the subject. For this
test, guidelines established by the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the Department of
kinesiology from the University of Montreal will be followed. These guidelines are based on
recommendations of ethics and safety of the "American College of Sports Medicine".
4- Experimentation The tests will be conducted at the Exercise Physiology Laboratory at the
Department of kinesiology from the University of Montreal. The exercise is carried out on
stationary cycle ergometer. It lasts 120 minutes at a power output corresponding to 60% of
the VO2max obtained during the maximal test. A volume of a carbohydrate solution (120 g, 6%
carbohydrate by volume) or sweetened water will be administered to the subject before (571
mL) and during exercise (286 mL every 30 minutes). The following solutions will be
administered in a balanced, randomized, double-blind model: maple sap, maple syrup, glucose,
a commercial sports drink and water with a glucose trace (0.001% carbohydrate by volume).
Under conditions where only a trace of water or glucose are administered, a natural sweetener
(stevia) will be added to obtain a sweet taste similar to other conditions. Carbohydrate
solutions will all be artificially enriched in 13C. The volume ingested after 30 minutes of
exercise will be artificially enriched in deuterium (D2O, 8g incorporated in the ingestion of
286 mL).
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