Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Oral Decontamination Using Chlorhexidine or Potassium Permanganate in ICU Patients: an Open-Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial
Oropharyngeal bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Oral cleansing with chlorhexidine has been shown to decrease incidence of pneumonia in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Its role in critically ill general ICU patients is not yet proven. The present study proposes to study the effectiveness of twice-daily oral cleansing with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients admitted to a single intensive care unit of an Indian public hospital
Nosocomial pneumonia is common in intensive care units (ICU) patients and is associated with
increase in mortality rates by 24% to 76% in various studies. Interventions that effectively
prevent nosocomial pneumonia are strategically important in order to reduce morbidity,
mortality and healthcare costs. Colonization of the pharynx has been implicated as the
reservoirs for pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia and interventions like selective
digestive decontamination have been tried to control this source of infection. Recently,
colonization of the dental plaque by aerobic organisms with subsequent aspiration into the
lower respiratory tract has received attention. Previous smaller studies using antiseptic
agents to sterilize dental plaques in patients at risk of pneumonia have shown conflicting
results. The present study aims to determine whether twice daily oral cleansing with 0.2%
chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients staying in the ICU
for >48 hours.
After obtaining informed consent, subjects would be randomized to treatment with either 0.2%
chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) solution or 0.01% potassium permanganate solution (PP)
(Control Group), as per the protocol approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. At
baseline, the parameters which would be noted are: age, sex, surgical or non-surgical
status, immunosuppression, chronic ailments, smoking and alcohol consumption, Glasgow coma
scale score (GCS), laboratory parameters and blood gas analysis. All subjects would be
followed up daily and the GCS, presence of nasogastric tube (feeds), endotracheal tube,
tracheostomy, ventilator, central venous and urinary catheterization, anti-stress ulcer
prophylaxis and prior antibiotic use will be noted. Presence or absence of nosocomial
pneumonia would also be noted daily. Lower respiratory secretions would be obtained by the
protected non-bronchoscopic mini-BAL technique in order to identify the causative organisms.
All the subjects will be followed up daily until discharge from the ICU or death.
Primary outcome variable was the development of nosocomial pneumonia during the ICU stay.
Secondary outcome variables were hospital mortality, length of ICU stay.
A total of 506 patients will have to be studied (approximately 253 patients in each
treatment group). This study will have a statistical power of 75% to detect a 50% reduction
in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in the intervention group with a 95% level of
confidence assuming that incidence of pneumonia in the control group is 16%.
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Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Prevention
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