A Comparison of Appendicectomy Outcomes in Children Between Paediatric and General Surgical Centres in Scotland

Appendicitis Clinical Trial

Official title: A Comparison of Appendicectomy Outcomes in Children Between Paediatric and General Surgical Centres in Scotland

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

Introduction

Appendicectomy (or appendectomy in US usage) is the single most commonly performed emergency surgical operation performed on British children. Previous investigation of outcomes following appendicectomy has suggested that specialist surgeons and high volume centres have fewer "negative" appendicectomies (i.e. the appendix found to be non-diseased), although there has not been consistent association found between hospital type or surgeon experience and complication rate or admission rate.

Scotland has 3 dedicated children's surgery centres but straightforward children's surgery such as appendicectomy is also carried out in the country's general surgical centres. Appendicectomy outcome variations have not been explored in the Scottish National Health Service (NHS).

Aim

This study will compare appendicectomy outcomes in children between Scotland's specialist paediatric centres and general surgical centres.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of all appendicectomies performed in Scotland during the period from 1st January 2001 - 31st December 2010, on children aged 2 - 12 years old. It will use routinely collected administrative data from the Information Services Division of NHS National Services Scotland.

The study will compare risk-adjusted 30 day/in-patient mortality, 30 day re-admission rate, 30 day re-operation rate, post-operative length of stay and negative appendicectomy rates.

Clinical Trial Description

The aim of this study is to compare Scottish appendicectomy outcomes in children between specialised paediatric centres versus non-specialised centres.

This is a retrospective study of all appendicectomies performed in Scotland during the period from 1st January 2001 - 31st December 2010, on children aged 2 - 12 years old or younger. It will use routinely collected administrative data from the Information Services Division (ISD) of NHS National Services Scotland.

The registry which will supply the data for this study is the Scottish Morbidity Record 01 (SMR01), the full title of which is the "General / Acute Inpatient and Day Case dataset" (see http://www.adls.ac.uk/nhs-scotland/general-acute-inpatient-day-case-smr01/?detail). SMR01 is collated and administered by ISD, and data submission is mandatory for all Scottish NHS providers of in-patient or day-case care. Approximately 1.4 million records are added each year. Diagnoses are coded according to International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 standards and procedures are coded according to the United Kingdom's Office of Population Census Statistics (OPCS) standards, of which the most current is version 4.5.

The data quality in SMR01 is high and is assured by regular internal audits. In the 2010 audit of accuracy, Main Condition was recorded with an accuracy of 88% and Main Procedure was recorded with an accuracy of 94%. Where data inconsistencies are identified in the extract supplied for this study, further clarification will be obtained where possible with ISD's data retrieval support team.

The study period was decided on pragmatically by a desire to provide an assessment of current practice, fully within the era of widely practised laparoscopic surgery. A power calculation also suggested that this would provide an adequate sample size to demonstrate differences.

Our power calculation- specific to length of stay- was based on Faiz O, Clark J, Brown T, Bottle A, Antoniou A, Farrands P, et al. Traditional and Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Adults. Ann Surg. 2008 Nov;248(5):800-6. In their cohort of 259,735 appendicectomies performed from 1996-2006, the geometric mean length of stay was 3.52, with SD 1.8. We decided that a difference of 0.5 days would be 'clinically significant'. We specified alpha 0.05 and Power 0.9, and an allocation ratio of 1:1. A two-sided t-test of difference between two independent means was performed in G*Power 3.1.7. This demonstrated that a total N of 548 was required to demonstrate this difference.

In the last epidemiological study of appendicitis in Scotland (Bisset AF. Appendicectomy in Scotland: a 20-year epidemiological comparison. J Public Health. 1997 Jun 1;19(2):213-8), 1522 appendicectomies in 1993 were performed in children aged 0-15 years old. This suggests that a 10 year cohort should be more than adequate to detect a clinically significant difference in length of stay.

Data completeness is very high in SMR01. However, where significant volumes of data are missing or unusable, the need for data imputation will be explored.

The study will compare risk-adjusted 30 day/in-patient mortality, 30 day re-admission rate, 30 day re-operation rate, post-operative length of stay and negative appendicectomy rates between Scotland's specialist paediatric centres and general surgical centres.

Potentially significant confounding variables such as age, gender, and co-morbidity will be studied for their predictive value in a univariate model and included in a multivariate model if they remain significant. ;

Study Design

Observational Model: Ecologic or Community, Time Perspective: Retrospective

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Appendicitis

• NCT number: NCT02047786
• Study type: Observational
• Source: University of Edinburgh
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 2001
• Completion date: August 2013