Tailoring Maintenance Therapy to Cluster of Differentiation 5 Positive (CD5+) Regulatory B Cell Recovery in ANCA Vasculitis

ANCA Associated Vasculitis Clinical Trial

Official title:

Tailoring Maintenance Therapy to CD5+ Regulatory B Cell Recovery in ANCA Vasculitis

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Suspended

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03906227
• Other study ID #: 18-2015
• Secondary ID: 5P01DK058335-18
• Status: Suspended
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: June 28, 2019
• Est. completion date: February 2025

Study information

• Verified date: February 2024
• Source: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

ANCA vasculitis is a pauci-immune systemic small vessel vasculitis. The anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are pathogenic and cause disease by activating neutrophils which damage blood vessels. CD means "cluster of differentiation" . CD5 is a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells. CD20 is a type III transmembrane protein found on B cells. The investigators previously detected an association between recovery of Interleukin 10 (IL-10)-secreting CD20+ and CD5+ regulatory B cells after immunotherapy (with rituximab and corticosteroids) and decreased risk of subsequent relapse in patients with ANCA-vasculitis. The investigators hypothesize that patients with complete reconstitution of a functional regulatory B cell repertoire after induction therapy are at low risk of relapse and may be monitored conservatively without further immunotherapy. The investigators will test this hypothesis through a proof of concept randomized controlled study. Patients with normalization of CD5+ regulatory B cells will be randomized to maintenance therapy with rituximab vs. close observation without immunosuppression. Patients whose peripheral CD5+ regulatory B cells remain low after induction therapy (who are at higher risk of relapse), will receive maintenance immunosuppression with rituximab. Patients needing or randomized to maintenance therapy who are unable to receive rituximab will receive azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil, two standard alternative medications for maintenance immunosuppression.

Description:

The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that, in ANCA vasculitis, use of CD5+ B cells at the time of B cell reconstitution in the peripheral blood can be used to stratify patients between those with low % CD5+ B cells at greater risk of relapse who would need maintenance immunosuppression and those with normalized CD5+ B cells who would be at lower risk and relapse, and therefore may not need maintenance immunosuppression. The latter group will be randomized to either maintenance immunosuppression vs close clinical observation without maintenance immunosuppression. This study is not designed to evaluate the efficacy of new therapies in ANCA vasculitis. The treatment regimen used in the proposed study are routinely used in the treatment of patients with ANCA vasculitis and considered standard-of-care.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Suspended
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: February 2025
• Est. primary completion date: February 2025
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 85 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients 18-85 years old.

• ANCA Glomerulonephritis (GN) or vasculitis per Chapel Hill Consensus Criteria, with documented current or previously positive Myeloperoxidase (MPO)- or Proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA by ELISA test. Patients with biopsy-proven, pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis are eligible if they have a positive ANCA test by immunofluorescent microscopy (IIFM).

• Patients must be in complete remission for at least 1 month and after AT LEAST 3 MONTHS of induction of therapy with corticosteroids and rituximab (either 1000 mg IV x 2 or 375 mg/m2 IV x 4) OR corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (monthly IV or daily oral doses). They must be on no more than 5 mg daily of oral prednisone or equivalent. Complete remission is defined as a BVAS score = 0.

• Patients may be ANCA negative or positive at randomization.

• B cells are not depleted anymore: B cell recovery reaches 1% CD19+ B cells (enough to allow determination of CD5+ B cells with confidence).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had = 2 relapses (defined as recurrence of any signs or symptoms attributable to active vasculitis) previously as patients with multiple prior relapses may be at higher risk of future relapse and require maintenance therapy

• Patients with persistent low-grade disease activity ("grumbling" disease defined as BVAS > 0 and = 3)

• Patients with active systemic infections or deep space infections within the 3 months prior to screening.

• Patients participating in another clinical trial mandating maintenance therapy

• Patients with drug-induced ANCA vasculitis (e.g. levamisole-adulterated cocaine)

• Active tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus infections

• For women of child-bearing potential, pregnancy, breastfeeding, unwillingness or inability to comply with effective contraception

• Inability to come to scheduled visits

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• ANCA Associated Vasculitis
• Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
• Vasculitis

Intervention

Device:
• ENUMERATION OF CD5+ B Cells
A blood test is done to assess what percentage of CD5+ is present within CD19+. The result is then used to guide choice of arm.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill	North Carolina

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (1)

Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Karras A, Khouatra C, Aumaitre O, Cohen P, Maurier F, Decaux O, Ninet J, Gobert P, Quemeneur T, Blanchard-Delaunay C, Godmer P, Puechal X, Carron PL, Hatron PY, Limal N, Hamidou M, Ducret M, Daugas E, Papo T, Bonnotte B, Mahr A, Ra — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Time to First Relapse	The primary outcome measure is time to first relapse defined as recurrence of any signs or symptoms attributable to active vasculitis after a period of complete remission, with at least 2 minor or 1 major item on the BVAS score (BVAS=2). Per protocol, complete remission is defined as a BVAS score = 0. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis(BVAS, range 0-64). The total score is composed of 34 predefined items, units on a scale, grouped into 9 organ systems. Each item carries a weight from 1-3, depending on disease severity. A score of 0 indicates no disease activity; a higher score indicates worsening disease.	from complete remission to end of study, approximately 2 years
Secondary	Severity of Relapse	severity (as determined by BVAS score) of relapse in each group	from complete remission to end of study, approximately 2 years
Secondary	Frequency of Relapse	frequency, as determined by number of relapse in each group	from complete remission to end of study, approximately 2 years
Secondary	Time to Positive ANCA	for patients who had a negative ANCA test, time to positive ANCA	from first negative ANCA test since start of study , if applicable- to end of study, maximum two years, as applicable
Secondary	Frequency of Infections	number of infections	from remission to end of study, approximately 2 years
Secondary	Number of Infections, categorized by severity	number of mild/moderate/serious infections	from remission to end of study, approximately 2 years
Secondary	Time to IL-10 secreting B regulatory cells > 45% or CD5+ B cells > 43% of total B cells	time to IL-10 secreting B regulatory cells > 45% or CD5+ B cells > 43% of total B cells	from enrollment to end of study, approximately 2.5 to 3 years