View clinical trials related to Anaphylaxis.
Filter by:Anaphylaxis is a hypersensitivity reaction systemic, generalized, severe, life-threatening that may result from exposure to a triggering factor. The prevalence of anaphylaxis is 0.05 to 2% in the general population. Most reactions appear within 30 minutes after contact with the triggering factor and last up to 6 hours. The main triggering factors are: 1/food, 2/hymenopteran bites, 3/drugs. The main treatment is the early administration of adrenaline by Intramuscular route on medical prescription or by AAI (adrenaline auto-injector) associated with the exclusion of the allergen. Adrenaline treatment should be administered as soon as possible, a failure or delay in the use of adrenaline is a risk factor for death. Anaphylaxis is a chronic disease and the patient must be informed from the first episode about the risk of recurrence and the risk of death he is exposed to. Patient education is essential for the complete removal of the triggering factor, recognition of anaphylaxis symptoms and use of AAI. The risk of recurrence is high given the difficulty to completely eliminate the favourable factor (mainly food causes and hymenopteran bites): 1/3 of deaths from food anaphylaxis occur at home, and the peak mortality rate is between 10 and 30 years old. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis can be difficult because the symptomatology can be so varied. It is under-diagnosed, which leads to a lack of medical care and therefore an under-prescription of AAI. Some American studies identifying emergency room visits for anaphylaxis find that in less than 30% of cases there is a prescription for AAI, in less than 40% of advices about triggering factor's eviction and in less than 20% a guidance to an allergology consultation. In France, the HAS published in 2013 a procedure to be followed after the treatment of a suspected anaphylaxis: the patient's management must be diagnostic, therapeutic and educational. It must be systematically based on three axes: - the prescription of AAI with an explanation of its use, - the provision of written information on the mechanism and symptoms of anaphylaxis, attitude to be followed in event of an anaphylactic reaction, and need for eviction if the allergen has been identified, - guidance to an allergology consultation. Therapeutic education for anaphylactic patients is essential given the risk involved. In an American study, it was shown that only 60% of teens and young adults suffering from food allergies report having AAI systematically with them. Information and education is therefore essential for these patients.
The purpose of this study is to explore different mechanisms for anaphylaxis and find novel biomarkers for this hypersensitivity syndrome. The study participants are patients with anaphylaxis, patients with mild allergic reactions, and patients with febrile transfusion reactions. The investigators will also include a group of healthy controls.
The outcomes of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in food allergy study will provide more knowledge of oral immunotherapy. So far the OIT has showed in clinical experiments to be a interesting way to increase the unresponsiveness in severe food allergies. However little is known about it´s long-term outcomes, immunological mechanisms and there are no previous studies about cost-utility of OIT.
During the 2009-2010 immunization campaign against pandemic H1N1, some people reported having allergic-like reactions (anaphylaxis(a shock-like reaction), hives, swelling, etc.). A vaccine allergy may be more or less severe or intense. Patients may have skin reactions (rash with or without itching), respiratory problems (cough, spasm of the airways), angioedema (swelling) of various body parts (face, eyelids, throat etc.) and circulatory problems (low blood pressure or shock). Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can sometimes be fatal. Other people vaccinated against pandemic H1N1 had an oculo-respiratory syndrome. Oculo-respiratory syndrome (ORS) is also a reaction to the influenza vaccine, which includes symptoms such as bilateral conjunctivitis (red eyes) with swelling of the face or respiratory symptoms (chest tightness, coughing, a sensation of throat closure, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, wheezing or difficulty breathing). The investigators know that ORS is not a true allergic reaction. Because many signs and symptoms of ORS are similar to those observed during an allergic reaction, it is often difficult to distinguish ORS from an allergic reaction. This study will compare three groups of patients: those who had allergic-like reactions, those who had ORS and vaccinated individuals who had no such adverse events. Pregnant women cannot participate in this study. The study has three goals. First, the investigators want to determine, among those who had allergic-like reactions after influenza vaccination, what proportion (percentage) of these people are actually allergic to the vaccine or its components. Second, among those who are not allergic to the vaccine, which other processes may have caused these symptoms. Finally, the investigators will try to identify whether there are features that distinguish patients who have a true allergic reaction from those affected by ORS, and those that had no adverse events.
Background: - Mast cells are responsible for most symptoms of allergic reactions. In some allergic diseases, it is unusually easy to cause mast cells to release their contents and cause allergic reactions. In other cases, mast cells grow abnormally and, in rare cases, can result in tumors. Mast cells also control other parts of the immune system. - Understanding why mast cells behave abnormally in allergic diseases is important to finding better ways for diagnosing and treating these potentially life-threatening disorders. Objectives: - To screen mast cells at the genetic and functional levels to characterize abnormalities, identify mutations, detect carrier states, and/or develop therapies for such disorders. - To create a library of information about inherited diseases of mast cell homeostasis and activation, including piebaldism (problems with skin and hair pigmentation), anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction), allergies, asthma, atopic dermatitis (eczema), allergic rhinitis ( hay fever ), food allergies, urticaria/angioedema (hives/swelling), immunodeficiency diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Eligibility: - Patients between the ages of 1 and 80 years who have been referred by a physician and are known to have or be suspected of having an inherited disorder of mast cells, in particular patients (and their relatives) with piebaldism, allergies, or anaphylaxis that is not caused by allergies. Design: - Study population will consist of up to 1000 participants in a 5-year period. One third of the study population will consist of patients; the other two thirds will consist of biological relatives. - Evaluation is limited to testing on blood specimens; no treatment will be provided. - Clinical and research laboratory evaluations of patients will include the following: - Clinical evaluation and previous laboratory tests as documented in outside medical records by health care providers. A standard questionnaire will also be administered at the time of subject enrollment. - Blood collection for clinical laboratory testing, tailored to each subject s clinical evaluation where appropriate (5 ml). - Blood collection for research laboratory testing, tailored to each subject s clinical evaluation including genetic screening and assessment of mast cell growth and functioning and storage of additional frozen blood specimens for future studies (up to an additional 30 ml). - Evaluations of blood relatives will include the following: - Clinical evaluation as documented from outside medical records by health care providers and administration of a standard questionnaire. - Blood collection where indicated for diagnostic or research purposes. - After 12 consecutive months on the study, results from initial evaluation will be reviewed. Subjects with findings deemed to be of continued interest will be contacted and invited to remain as active participants to this protocol for another year, provided that they renew their consent to participate.